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Organic Molecules

Organic Molecules. The Chemistry of Life. The molecule illustrated below is a. Regulatory lipid Storage lipid Structural lipid Dipeptide Disaccharide. I. Overview. A. Limited number of elements are found in organic molecules B. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphate

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Organic Molecules

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  1. Organic Molecules The Chemistry of Life

  2. The molecule illustrated below is a • Regulatory lipid • Storage lipid • Structural lipid • Dipeptide • Disaccharide

  3. I. Overview • A. Limited number of elements are found in organic molecules • B. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphate • C. Four major classes of organic molecules with different functions • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  4. II. General categories of reactions • A. Anabolic reactions • B. Catabolic reactions

  5. III. Carbohydrates • A. Introduction • Elements found • Generalized formula suggested by name • Names often end in –ose • Generally concerned with energy usage and storage • Some carbohydrates are structural

  6. III. Carbohydrates • B. Monosaccharides • 1. trioses, pentoses, and hexoses • 2. hexoses most common • 3. examples are glucose, fructose, and galactose • 4. structural isomers of each other

  7. Examples of monosaccharides

  8. III. Carbohydrates • 5. Hexose sugars exist either as straight chains or rings

  9. III. Carbohydrates • B. Disaccharides • 1. two monosaccharides joined by a dehydration synthesis • 2. three specific examples of dissacharides to memorize • Sucrose • Maltose • Lactose

  10. Example of dissacharide formation

  11. Two examples of the disaccharides

  12. The empirical formula of a disaccharide is C12H24O12. • True • False

  13. What is the correct answer?

  14. III. Carbohydrates • C. Polysaccharides • 1. Structure • 2. Examples • 3. Why the name?

  15. IV. Lipids-three types • A. Storage lipids (a.k.a.fat) • 1. component parts • 2. glycerol • 3. three fatty acids • a. saturated • b. unsaturated

  16. Storage lipid synthesis

  17. Difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

  18. IV. Lipids-three types • B. Structural lipids (phospholipids) • 1. structure • 2. membrane

  19. IV. Lipids-three types • B. Structural lipids (phospholipids) • 3. form a bilayer of membrane • 4. fatty acid tails are hydrophobic • 5. try to get as far away from water as possible

  20. IV. Lipids-three types • C. Regulatory lipids • 1. Examples-based on cholesterol

  21. IV. Lipids-three types • C. Regulatory lipids • 3. estrogen and testosterone

  22. IV. Lipids-three types • C. Regulatory lipids • 4. notice that these don’t share common structure of first two • 5. share in common that they dissolve in organic solvents

  23. V. Proteins • A. Composed of monomer called amino acid

  24. V. Proteins • A. Composed of monomer called amino acid • 1. some amino acids are polar

  25. V. Proteins • A. Composed of monomer called amino acid • 1. some amino acids are polar • 2. others are nonpolar

  26. V. Proteins • B. Peptide bond formation • 1. dehydration synthesis

  27. V. Proteins • C. Levels of protein structure • 1. primary • 2. secondary

  28. V. Proteins • C. Levels of protein structure • 3. tertiary

  29. V. Proteins • C. Levels of protein structure • 4. Quaternary

  30. V. Proteins • Types of protein 1. fibrous 2. globular

  31. V. Proteins • E. Importance of primary structure and shape

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