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Organic Molecules

Organic Molecules. Organic Molecules. Amino acid. Amino acid. Amino acid. Carbon = building block of organic molecules (life) Carbon is unique 2 nd electron level not full Only has 4 electrons in 2 nd level Will bond up to four times Monomer: Small carbon molecules Ex: Amino acid

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Organic Molecules

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  1. Organic Molecules

  2. Organic Molecules Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid • Carbon = building block of organic molecules (life) • Carbon is unique • 2nd electron level not full • Only has 4 electrons in 2nd level • Will bond up to four times • Monomer: Small carbon molecules • Ex: Amino acid • Polymer: chain of linked monomers • Ex: Protein Amino acid Amino acid Polymer (protein) Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid Amino acid

  3. Is Carbon stable with 4 electrons in its outer layer? Is Hydrogen stable with 1 electron in its layer? Problem: Drawing dot diagrams is time consuming. Try this instead! So what do atoms do when they are unstable?

  4. Carbon creates 4 bonds to be stable

  5. Carbohydrates • Readily available food source • C1: H2: O1 ratio • Ex: Glucose = C6 H12 O6 • Monomer: Monosaccharides • Simple sugars • Bond to form larger sugars • Polymer: Polysaccharide • Complex sugars Fructose (monosaccharide) Glucose (monosaccharide) Sucrose (Polysaccharide)

  6. Carbohydrate Polymers: Polysaccharide • Long chain of monosaccharides • Ex: Starch (pictured): excess plant sugar converted & stored • Ex: Glycogen: starch made by animals; stored in liver & muscles • Ex: Cellulose: starch made by plants; stored by plants to make cell walls

  7. REview Carbohydrates How many electrons does Carbon have in the 1st energy level? 2nd energy level? Which type of organic molecule is most commonly used as energy for cells? If a carbohydrate has 8 carbon atoms, how many oxygen and hydrogen atoms will it most likely contain? What are the monomers of carbohydrates called? What are the polymers of carbohydrates called? Which polymer of carbohydrates is stored by animals? Which polymer of carbohydrates is stored by plants?

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