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ORGANIC MOLECULES

ORGANIC MOLECULES. Organic Molecules. Organic: contains carbon, living or once living Carbon: Important element in living things All living things contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) These elements join together in different ways to form macromolecules

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ORGANIC MOLECULES

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  1. ORGANIC MOLECULES

  2. Organic Molecules • Organic: contains carbon, living or once living • Carbon: Important element in living things • All living things contain carbon (C),hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) • These elements join together in different ways to form macromolecules • Polymers made of subunits called monomers.

  3. Carbohydrates

  4. CARBOHYDRATES • ELEMENTS: C H O • BUILDING BLOCKS (SUBUNITS): monosaccharides (glucose, simple sugars) • FUNCTIONS: 1. preferred energy source - glucose(short term) OR glycogen(long term) 2. storage material – starch in plants glycogen in animals 3. structural material- cellulose - plant cell wall chitin - fungus cell wall, insect exoskeleton • SOURCES: Honey, candy, spaghetti, rice, potato, bread • End in ose

  5. More Carbohydrates • MONOsaccharide:single sugar unit C6H12O6 -glucose • DIsaccharide:double sugar unit C12H22O11 -sucrose • POLYsaccharide: many glucose units (C12H10O5)n -cellulose, glycogen, starch

  6. Lipids

  7. LIPIDS • ELEMENTS: C H O • Amount H huge compared to O • BUILDING BLOCKS (SUBUNITS): fatty acids and glycerol (Shaped like an E) • FUNCTIONS: 1. long term energysource and storage 2. insulation 3. water proofing 4. plasma membrane • SOURCES: butter, fried foods, bacon fat

  8. More About Lipids • Room temperature: fats-solid, oil-liquid • Insoluble (doesn’t mix with water) • Saturated fats: contain saturated fatty acids with single carbon bonds. Not good for you, solid. • Unsaturated fats: contain double carbon bond(s). Good for you, liquid. • Waxes • Phospholipids • Steroids: cholesterol

  9. Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

  10. Biomolecule Foldable Things to remember: • Be sure to organize your information in a way that you can use it. • Basic structures for both the monomer and the polymer are needed. • Neatness matters Front cover: Name of biomolecule Basic structural drawing (polymer) Within each section include: Name of biomolecule again Name of monomer(s) Chemical components (what elements?) Function within us Examples Additional special properties Back: Your name and class block

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