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Emerging Parvoviruses: Challenges in Detection and Safety in Biological Products

Parvoviruses present an ongoing challenge in the field of virology, particularly regarding newly emerging strains and their impact on health. These viruses have become increasingly relevant due to their ability to mutate and adapt to new hosts. Recent studies highlight the importance of monitoring parvoviruses in biological products to ensure safety by employing advanced detection methods and virus elimination strategies. This article discusses the characteristics of emerging parvoviruses, their interactions with hosts, and the preventative measures necessary to mitigate their risks in biological manufacturing.

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Emerging Parvoviruses: Challenges in Detection and Safety in Biological Products

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  1. Parvoviruses: A Future Challenge? Nicola Boschetti, ZLB Behring AG, Bern

  2. Emerging Viruses Definition: “Viruses that have newly appeared in a population or have existed previously but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range.” Morse, S.S. (1995), Emerg Infect Dis 1, 7-15 ... and those which previously existed but come into our awareness as etiological agent of some disease.

  3. Emerging Viruses Virus Environment Host Viruses depend on favorable hosts in a favorable environment.

  4. Carnivore Parvoviruses FPV: Feline ParvovirusRPV: Raccoon ParvovirusMEV: Mink Enteritis VirusBFPB: Blue Fox Parvovirus Parrish CR, ASM News (1997) 63, 307

  5. Carnivore Parvoviruses source: Institute for Molecular Virology (Wisconsin) The emergent canine parvoviruses are characterized by specific amino acid changes in and around a raised region of the capsid termed the threefold spike. Structural and mutational studies suggest that this region binds the cellular transferrin receptor and controls host range.

  6. Sequence Variability Sequence variability of human erythroviruses at threefold symmetry axis.

  7. Recently discovered Parvoviruses PNAS (2005) 102, 12891 PNAS (2001), 98, 11609 • BPV2 &BPV3 • humanBocavirus • PARV4

  8. Virus safety of biological / biotechnological products Potential Viral Contamination Approaches (Prevention & Elimination) Biological Source Material Selection Testing Contaminated Raw Materials Elimination Adventitiously introduced in manufacturing cGMP

  9. Virus elimination mechanisms ± ± Rough classification of viruses: ± ? ? ? ? Virus elimination principles used in manufacturing: Partitioning Inactivation: S/D, Caprylate Pasteurization, low pH Virusfiltration

  10. Conclusion • (Parvo) viruses are evolving. • Novel (parvo) viruses are/will be discovered. • Current Biologicals have a high safety standard basing on four complementary approaches. • Proactive investigations on (small non-enveloped) viruses in order to discover such viruses entering the source and raw materials should continue.

  11. Thank you for listening!

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