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Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi. Kingdom Fungi. Eukaryotes Heterotrophs Cell walls of chitin External digestion. Mycology – study of fungi. Nutrition. Can’t make own food or move to find it so they live on food. Nutrition. R elease exoenzymes to digest it, then reabsorb it. Nutrition. Saprophytes .

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Kingdom Fungi

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  1. Kingdom Fungi

  2. Kingdom Fungi • Eukaryotes • Heterotrophs • Cell walls of chitin • External digestion

  3. Mycology – study of fungi

  4. Nutrition • Can’t make own food or move to find it so they live on food

  5. Nutrition • Release exoenzymes to digest it, then reabsorb it

  6. Nutrition Saprophytes Parasites

  7. Saprophytes • Lives on dead things and decompose them

  8. Parasites • Live on living organisms – can cause diseases

  9. Plant Fungal Parasites

  10. Apple Scab

  11. Wheat Rust

  12. Corn Smut

  13. White Pine Blister

  14. Potato Blight

  15. Human Fungal Parasites

  16. Athlete’s Foot

  17. Ring Worm Contact sports, locker rooms at pools

  18. Thrush Candida fungus Usually kept under control by good bacteria, but some medications or stress can upset balance and allow fungus to overgrow

  19. Fungal Growth

  20. Fungal Growth • Grow rapidly because “threads” are interconnected

  21. Fungal Growth • Grow at tips and spread outward

  22. Fungal Growth • Fairy rings – all part of same fungus, can cover 1000 acres underground

  23. Classification • Based on how they reproduce Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Deuteromycota

  24. Zygomycota - Common molds • Examples: bread mold, mildews

  25. Structure • Rhizoids – root resembling structures that absorb food and anchor mold to food

  26. Structure • Stolons – stem like structures growing along surface that connect groups of rhizoids

  27. Structure • Sporangia – produce spores

  28. Reproduction • Asexual – most common • Sexual – produce zygospores with hard shells for harsh conditions

  29. Ascomycota – Sac fungi • Examples: unicellular yeasts, morels

  30. Reproduction • Asexual – most common (yeasts) • Sexual – produce saclike asci with 2 nuclei that fuse to produce spores

  31. Basidiomycota – Club fungi • Examples: mushrooms

  32. Structure • Stipe – stalk of mushroom to support cap

  33. Structure • Cap – top of mushroom that protects spores

  34. Structure • Gills – rows of slits under the cap that produce spores

  35. Structure • Hyphae – a thread of fungal cells

  36. Structure • Mycelium – mass of tangled hyphae

  37. Reproduction • Asexual – very rare • Sexual – produce basidia cells found in gills that create spores

  38. Edible vs. Poisonous • There is no single safe test to tell them apart

  39. Deuteromycota – Imperfect fungi • Examples: athletes foot, penicillin

  40. Reproduction • Asexual only

  41. Review Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Deuteromycota

  42. Symbiosis • Lichens – a fungus and an algae growing together almost as one organism

  43. Symbiosis • Mycorrhizae – fungi grow on roots of a plant 90% of trees and 80% of other plants have mycorrhizae

  44. Benefits • Extend roots for more water and nutrients • Survive harsher conditions • Grow faster • More disease resistant

  45. Human Uses for Fungi • Food Black truffles

  46. Human Uses for Fungi • Flavor foods – cheese Blue Cheese

  47. Soy Sauce • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=queVlA4xLgI

  48. Human Uses for Fungi • Make breads rise

  49. Human Uses for Fungi • Ferment beverages

  50. Human Uses for Fungi • Medicine • Penicillin – prevents bacterial infections in wounds Alexander Flemming

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