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Vocabulary-100. Public land that could be used by anyone. Ranchers began raising cattle here. Open Range. Vocabulary-200. Cowhands who herded and drove cattle into pens called Corrales. Vaqueros. Vocabulary-300.
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Vocabulary-100 • Public land that could be used by anyone. Ranchers began raising cattle here. • Open Range
Vocabulary-200 • Cowhands who herded and drove cattle into pens called Corrales. • Vaqueros
Vocabulary-300 • Cattle were then branded with a hot iron to show ownership. The brands of early Spanish ____________ or ranchers were large designs. • Rancheros
Vocabulary-400 • The expansion of the railroads after the Civil War played a major role in Texas’s cattle industry. Texas ranchers needed to get their cattle to Chicago and St. Louis ______ or holding pens. • Stockyards
Vocabulary-500 • When the railroads expanded westward, ranchers saw their opportunity. They would __________ or move the cattle in large herds to the railroad towns which were connected to the stockyards by rail.
Vocabulary-100 • In the spring of 1866, about 260,000 head of cattle were rounded up in Texas and driven north-many to Sedalia, Missouri, where the railroad ended. The cattle path became known as the Sedalia or Shawnee Trail. The people who move the cattle were called • Drovers
Vocabulary-200 • For herds of 2,000-3,000 the following were needed • 8-12 cowhands • Trail boss • Cook • Wrangler or ranch hand
Vocabulary -300 • Cattle that were suspected of carrying disease were kept out of Kansas and Missouri by __________(enforced isolation) laws. • Quarantine • B the late 1800’s, railroads were built in Texas, eliminating the need for long cattle drives.
Vocabulary-400 • Wild horses • Mustangs
Vocabulary-500 • Fence cutting was considered a serious crime or • Felony
Farming-100 • Method of farming that used a manner of plowing that left loose soil on top of the ground, which kept water in the ground by slowing evaporation. This type of farming spread throughout West Texas and the Panhandle region. • Dry farming
Farming-200 • After the Civil War, many smaller farms replaced plantations. These small farms were either sold to new owners or they were rented to • Tenant Farmers • For payment, the landowner received a part of the crop.
Farming-300 • Tenant farmers who did not provide their own tools and supplies were called • Sharecroppers • Sharecroppers received a share (usually one-half) of the value of the crop.
Farming-400 • Problems that Tenant farmers faced • Droughts • Financial panics • Overproduction of crops • Problems with pests • High charges by landlords.
Farming-500 • Even though Tenant farmers had difficult times, this system expanded and by 1870 about one-third of all farmers in Texas were tenant farmers. • Framers brought large numbers of people which resulted in the development of many small towns.
Famous Texans-100 • Richard King , a native New Yorker, came to Texas with Mifflin Kennedy during the Mexican American War. By 1850, they had become partners in a steamboat business on the Rio Grande. • King bought the Santa Gertrudis, old Spanish Land Grant in 1853 and this is now the King Ranch
Famous Texans-200 • Sheep rancher who encouraged people to come to Texas to raise sheep. • George Wilkins Kendall
Famous Texans-300 • Invented Barbed wire fences • J. F. Glidden
Famous Texans-400 • Led the fight against those who tripped off the wires and broke the posts of newly built fences. Legislature later made fence cutting a felony. • Mabel Day
Famous Texans-500 • Famous African American cowhands and ranchers • Daniel Webster 80 John” Wallace • “Bones” Hooks
Famous Texans-100 • Famous women who were independent ranchers • Elizabeth Johnson Williams • Dona Maria del Carmen Calvillo
Famous Texans-200 • Leader in business and agriculture who introduced cotton to the Rio Grande Valley and brought the first modern plows and corn planters to the valley. • Proceso Martinez
Famous Texans -300 • Published accounts of ranching based on experience rather than imagination • Andy Adams The log of a cowboy (1903) • Charles Siringo A Texas Cow Boy, or fifteen Years on the Hurricane Deck of a Spanish Pony (1885)
Famous Texans-400 • One of the best known drovers • Charles Goodnight
Famous Texans-500 • Persuaded the railroads moving westward to build towns with everything necessary to house drovers and their herds. He then persuaded Texas drovers to turn their cattle drives farther west to avoid Missouri. • Joseph G. McCoy
Trail Drives-100 • In Spring 1866, about 260,000 head of cattle were rounded up in Texas and driven north where the railroad ended. This cattle path became known as the • Sedalia or Shawnee Trail. • Problems with this drive • Missouri farmers complained that the herds destroyed their crops. • Farmers were afraid that the Texas cattle had a disease known as Texas Fever.
Trail Drives-200 • This trail drive began in South Texas; headed north past Austin, Waco and Fort Worth, crossed the Red River near Nocona; and ran north to Abilene, Kansas. • Chisholm Trail (named after Jesse Chisholm)
Trail Drives-300 • This trail was formed at Kerrville where the Matamoras Trail from Brownsville met the Old trail from Castroville. It ran northward through Fort Griffin near present-day Albany, crossed the Red River, and headed northwest to Dodge City Kansas. • The Great Western Trail
Trail Drives-400 • This trail moved cattle to the ranges of New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana. It ran west from north central Texas along the Middle Concho River, turned north along the Pecos River at Horse head Crossing and continued northward into Colorado. • Good-night Loving Trail
Trail Drives-500 • Distance traveled each day as usually 12 miles. At night, the cowhands took turns “riding herd” They each stood guard to prevent stampedes or raids by Native Americans or rustlers. • Charles Goodnight was one of the best known drovers.
