1 / 34

Chapter 16

Chapter 16. Section 2. THE MAYAN. PETEN. Mayan word for “flat region” present-day Guatemala dense forests swamps sinkholes year-round water source connected huge system of underground rivers and streams Mayan wells.

cosmo
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 16

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 16 Section 2

  2. THE MAYAN

  3. PETEN • Mayan word for “flat region” • present-day Guatemala • dense forests • swamps • sinkholes • year-round water source • connected huge system of underground rivers and streams • Mayan wells

  4. The Maya civilization encompassed all of the Yucatan Peninsula in present-day Mexico and parts of present-day Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador.

  5. MAYAN GOVERNMENT • organized government • city-states • independent state made up of a city and the surrounding land and villages • often fought with each other • rulers supplied for building projects • leadership • passed from one king to the next • military force

  6. Ruins of Mayan City Served as an indication of the skill and artistry of their architects.

  7. MAYAN RULERS • descended from sun • right to rule as god-kings • expected every person to serve them • example: build huge monuments to honor ruler • taught subjects to please gods • human sacrifice • gods gave rain (life-giving fluid) to keep humans strong • humans given blood (life-giving fluid) to keep gods strong

  8. CHAC • god of rain and sunlight • believed to live in waters below sinkholes • captives more valuable than land • offered during drought • thrown into watery pits to earn favor

  9. RELIGION • core of Mayan life • gods controlled everything • pyramid with temple on top towered cities • priests • claimed to know what gods wanted • set up a strict class system

  10. Quenzacoatl Pyramid (located in Teotihuacan)

  11. MAYAN WOMEN • royal Mayan women • played large role • married into distant city-states royal families • strengthened trade • formed alliances • political agreements to work together

  12. MAYAN SCIENCE AND WRITING • astronomy • belief = god revealed plans through movement of sun, moon, and stars • 365-day calendar • counting based on 20 • written language - system of hieroglyphics • symbols represented sounds, words, or ideas • invented to record numbers and dates • only nobles could read until collapse • recently, scholars unlocked stories/language

  13. MAYAN MATH

  14. MAYAN ALPHABET

  15. MAYAN COLLAPSE For reasons still unknown, the Maya civilization collapsed in about AD 900.

  16. THE AZTEC

  17. AZTEC GOVERNMENT • warlike nomads • sun god – Quetzalcoatl (feathered serpent) • promised they would know their new home • when an eagle “screams and spreads its wings, and eats… the serpent.” • sacrificed a local princess to one of their gods • settled in Valley of Mexico • swampy island of Lake Texcoco

  18. BUILDING A CITY • priest, speaking for gods, told Aztecs to build a great city • built bridges • dug soil from bottom of lake • built floating gardens • piled soil on rafts • anchored to bottom of lake • city called Tenochtitlan • means “place of the prickly pear cactus”

  19. AZTEC RULERS • strong kings • claimed descent from gods • council of warriors, priests, and nobles pick king from royal family • usually son of last king (but not always) • expected to prove themselves by leading troops into battle

  20. AZTEC SOCIETY • king at top • nobles • commoners • largest group • farmers, artisans, and traders • could join noble class through act of bravery • if soldier dies, children receive land and noble rank • unskilled laborers • enslaved people

  21. AFTERLIFE • Aztec saw death as honorable • those worth… • soldiers who die in battle • captives who gave lives in sacrifice • women who die in childbirth • others went to “Land of the Dead” • lowest level of the underworld

  22. AZTEC CHILDREN’S FUTURE • learn • about glories of war at early age • their duties as an Aztec • boys • “You must understand that your home is not here where you have been born, for you are a warrior!” • girls • “As the heart stays in the body, so you must stay in the house.”

  23. TENOCHTITLAN • huge pyramid • built to honor the gods • known as the Great Temple • 135 ft high and more than 100 steps • thousands of victims sacrificed to gods

  24. THE INCAN

  25. PACHACAMAC • highest Incan god • “Lord of the Earth” • blamed for earthquakes • lost his temper, earth shakes

  26. PACHACUTI • means “Earthshaker” • greatest Incan leader • with son, Topa, built largest ancient empire in Americas • stretched 2,500 miles north to south • set up a strong central government • let local rulers stay in power • ensured loyalty, took sons to Cuzco (capital) for training

  27. INCAN SOCIETY • royal couple • rulers and Coyas (wives) on top • head priest and commander of army • regional army leaders • temple priests, army commanders, and skilled workers (musicians, artisans, and accountants) • farmers, herders, and ordinary soldiers

  28. further divided society into twelve job categories • every man, woman, and child over five years of age worked • young girls were babysitters • young boys chased birds from gardens

  29. INCAN CULTURE • honored gods with human sacrifices • only in times of trouble (earthquakes, etc) • children thought more pure than adults • worshiped sacrificed children as gods • built large works of stone • no system of writing • no wheels • no iron tools • yet, built Machu Picchu • retreat for kings

  30. QUIPU • rope with knotted cords of different colors • each knot represented a number or item • used for keeping records

  31. SKILLED ENGINEERS • fit stones tightly • no mortar • stone blocks could slide up and down without collapsing • structures withstood earthquakes

More Related