1. Geography of China

2. 1. China was isolated…

3. Cliffs along Huang He in Gansu

4. …due to natural barriers DON’T WRITE a. Mnts: south- Himalayas west- Kunlun and Tien Shan b. Large deserts: north- Gobi west- Takla Makan c. Pacific Ocean- east

5. 2. The impact of isolation is that Ethnocentric society developed Ethnocentrism-the belief that your culture is better than all others. Called China “Zhongguo” or Middle Kingdom b/c they believed they were above Earth and under Heaven.

6. 3. Population Distribution How people distribute themselves in an area • 96% of pop. live along coast and river valleys • 2/3 of China is mnts. and deserts

8. c. Modern China’s population: ~1.6 Billion people 1 Child Law- To control the population, Chinese families are only allowed to have one child. There are many exceptions. DON’T WRITE

9. 4. Agriculture Only 11% of the land is arable. Arable = farmable subsistence farming- growing just enough (little or no surplus) terrace farming- carving steps into the sides of mountains to farm

11. 5. Rivers in China a. Huang He (Yellow River)- where Chinese civilization developed. -loess- fine, fertile windblown soil, settles in river causing flooding - known as “China’s Sorrow” because of flood damage

12. Xi River

13. The 4 Ancient River Valley Civilizations

14. Ancient Chinese DYNASTIES

15. Shang Dynasty 1766-1027 BCE 1.

16. a. supervised flood control projects (Yellow R.) b. developed an accurate calendar

17. c. developed a form of writing ideographs- symbols that represent ideas Oracle Bones- pictograms on bone used to predict the future

18. The Evolution of ChineseWriting Pictographs Ideographs

19. Zhou Dynasty 1027 - 256 BCE (“Joe”) 2.

20. - Developed the Mandate of Heaven-a dynasty’s divine right to rule Dynastic Cycle- cycle of how dynasties rise and fall Ritual Food Vessel, bronze 11c BCE (Western Zhou)

21. A new dynasty comes to power. The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it moreefficient. Start here Lives of common people improved;taxes reduced;farming encouraged. Emperor isdefeated !! TheDynasticCycle Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.) Rebel bands findstrong leader whounites them.Attack the emperor. Poor loserespect for govt.They join rebels& attack landlords. Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.Farming neglected. Droughts,floods,famines occur. Govt. increasesspending; corruption.

22. Imperial Dynasties

23. 3. Qin Dynasty (“Cheeng”) 221-206 BCE - united China & connected Great Wall

24. - Emperor Shi Huangdi’s Tomb with his Terra Cotta Army

25. Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army

27. 4. Han Dynasty 206 BCE – 220 CE

28. Used Civil Service Exam based on Confucian ideas b. Made achievements in medicine (acupuncture), science and agriculture

30. c. inventedpaper [105 B.C.E.] d. Est. Silk Road trade route

31. 5. Tang Dynasty (618 -907 CE) -The printing press, gunpowder, small pox vaccine, and the earthquake detector were invented.

32. Each of the eight dragons had a bronze ball in its mouth. Whenever there was even a slight earth tremor, a mechanism inside the seismograph would open the mouth of one dragon. The bronze ball would fall into the open mouth of one of the toads, making enough noise to alert someone that an earthquake had just happened. Imperial watchman could tell which direction the earthquake came from by seeing which dragon's mouth was empty.

33. 6. Song Dynasty (Sung) 960- 1279 CE - China experienced a “Golden Age” - The Silk Road grew - trade between China, India, and the Mesopotamia increased. It was 4,000 miles of harsh terrain.

35. 7. Yuan Dynasty (Mongol) 1279 -1368 CE

36. a. Kublai Khan (non-Chinese) ruled China b. Marco Polo visited China. Europeans became interested in China from his book. Kublai Khan Genghiz Khan Marco Polo

37. 8. Ming Dynasty 1369 – 1644 CE a. Revived arts and literature but isolated China when Europeans began developing advancing. Ming Vases, 18c Ming Painting and Calligraphy, early 16c

38. Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho) China’s “Columbus?” Zheng He’s treasure ship was 400 ft. long in comparison to Columbus’ Santa Maria, which was 85 ft. long. That’s a BIG difference!

39. 9. Ch’ing Dynasty (Manchu) 1644 – 1911 CE a. The last of China’s dynastic families came from Manchuria b. Could not prevent Europeans from gaining power in China.

40. Foot-Binding in Ancient China • Broken toes by 3 years of age. Size 5 ½ shoe on the right Mothers bound their daughters’ feet. For upper-class girls, it became a new custom.

41. The Results of Foot-Binding