American Indian Project

1. American Indian Project Plateau Region Umatilla Tribe Zachary Burrows

2. Introduction READ ON! This is my project on the Umatilla tribe that is located in the Plateau region. As you read on you can learn some interesting things about my tribe. So, let’s get started…

3. Questions What was the most used resource? How would I feel if I had to make the clothes? What might happen if the Umatilla tribe had to become nomads?

4. Region In the next two slides you will be learning about my region. Such as where did my tribe live in that region? Also what is the weather or climate like there? What are some landforms? Keep reading to find out.

5. Where Does Your Tribe Live? The Umatilla people occupied the sides of the Big River (Columbia). This was from above the junction of the Umatilla River down to the vicinity of Willow Creek on the Oregon side. The people on the river were tied with each other.This allowed them to trade frequently. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation People of the Lower Columbia September 9, 2011 http://umatilla.nsn.us/hist1.html#lower

6. Physical Features/Landforms and Climate The Plateau region has flatlands, rolling hills, and gorges. There is little rainfall here, but they get their water from the bigger Columbia and Fraser rivers that are fed by the rainfall in the mountains. Teachers’ Curriculum Institute Social Studies Alive (American Indians of the Plateau) Madison, WI (Wisconsin) Webcrafters 2010

7. Basic Necessities In the next two slides you will be learning about the necessities of my region/tribe. This will consist of food and shelter. Keep reading to find out more.

8. Food The Plateau region relied mostly on it’s fish such as salmon, lamprey, steelhead, sturgeon and others. The big animals and Indians relied more on the salmon. The smaller animals were more abundant. Several birds and wildlife share the land too. To go along with their meals, roots, nuts, berries, mushrooms, and fiber plants were available seasonally. Most foods would be dried and stored for later use. It would either be dried individually or mixed and pounded to form cakes. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation The Historical Setting September 9, 2011 http://www.umatilla.nsn.us/hist1.html

9. Shelter In the older times, the Umatilla tribe and a few others made houses that were easy to move when following food. The tents they made was called a longhouse. A longhouse is 80ft long and a frame made out of lodge poles and covered by tule mats. Tule mats came from the long skinny-leafed tule plants. They were dried and strung together to make mats. When a family wanted to move they took the mats and traveled to the next camp. The poles were left for later use. Later they learned how to make tepee’s from the Midwestern tribes. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Housing and Transportation September 9, 2011 http://www.umatilla.nsn.us/hist3.html

10. Culture In the next two slides you will learn about my tribe’s culture. They will consist of crafts and traditions/ceremonies. Keep reading to find out more.

11. Crafts The Umatilla people made crafts usually from nature. Many of the tools were made from wood, stone, and bone. One of the tools they made of deer antlers, it was called a digging stick. Crafts such as drums, woven bags, and beaded things were used in celebrations and special occasions. The Indians also carved different designs on things to make them look special. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Arts and Crafts September 9, 2011 http://www.umatilla.nsn.us/hist3.html#ceremonies

12. Traditions/Ceremonies The Umatilla tribe cultures have been passed down from generation to generation. The Umatilla people speak a different language and have different traditions than us Americans. Relatives teach their children to do all the things their descendants did to stay alive. Now it’s used to keep the culture alive. A celebration they practiced honored the traditional foods; this was called the Root Fest. It continues each spring. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indians Reservation Traditions September 9, 2011 http://www.umatilla.nsn.us/hist3.html#ceremonies

13. Questions What was the most used resource? How would I feel if I had to make the clothes? What might happen if the Umatilla tribe had to become nomads?

14. Answers I got these answers from the site, http://www.umatilla.nsn.us/hist1.html#ceremonies/ http://www.umatilla.nsn.us/hist3.html#ceremonies Horses - They had a tremendous amount of horses to get around and trade with. I would be honored because clothes show the uniqueness in somebody and their personality. The Umatilla tribe are kind of already nomads, moving from camp to camp, but if they had to move from region to region they would have to adapt or “fatal harm” will happen to them.

15. Do You Have Any Questions?

16. Conclusion This is the end of my presentation. This was a very interesting tribe to learn about. I hope you enjoyed learning about the Umatilla tribe as much as I did. Thank you and goodbye.