1 / 11

American Indian Policy

This overview explores the complex history of American Indian sovereignty in relation to U.S. policies from 1770 to the present. It highlights key milestones such as the signing of treaties, the Trail of Tears, and the evolution of self-governance initiatives. The timeline traces the shift from forced removal to self-determination, examining critical legislation and important cases impacting Native American rights. The narrative illustrates the ongoing struggles and triumphs of Indigenous nations in asserting their sovereignty and cultural identity amidst historical and contemporary challenges.

dexter
Télécharger la présentation

American Indian Policy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. American Indian Policy The History of Sovereign Nations in dealings with the United States

  2. Sovereignty • Sovereignty is: • The ability of a group to act as an independent nation • Make own laws • Conduct own business without approval

  3. Policy in Stages (1770-Today) • 1770: Sovereign Nation to Sovereign Nation • Treaties were signed • 1830: Removal • 1850: Reservations • 1870: Assimilation • 1930: Indian self-rule • 1950: Termination • 1960: Self-determination • 1988: Self-determination/self-governance

  4. 1770- 1820: Sovereignty • Promotion of civilization • Open trade • Territorial boundaries established • Treaties • Johnson v. McIntosh (1823) • Doctrine of “Discovery”

  5. 1830-1850: Removal • Broken treaties • Removal was voluntary but coerced • Cherokee “Trail of Tears” • Federalism under attack • Who had jurisdiction? Federal gov or State gov? • Cherokee Nation v. Georgia • Worcester v. Georgia • “Domestic Dependent Nations”

  6. 1850-1890: Reservation Discovery of Gold/Continued Expansion • Homestead Act 1862 • Reservations • Allotment • Allotment Act (Dawes Act) 1887 • Indian Agents • Restrictions • Constraints on hunting, ceremonial dances

  7. 1870-1930: Assimilation • Boarding Schools • Christian names • English • Trade Schools • Meriam Report • Churches/Missions Native American Enlistment in WWI US Citizenship 1924

  8. 1930-1950: Indian Self-Rule • Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) 1934 • Attempt to preserve, protect and support tribal art, culture and social organizations and traditions • Main goal was to stop the loss of tribal land • 25% of Native American men enlist in WWII-highest percentage of any group

  9. 1950-1960: Termination • 1945-1960 the Federal Government terminated 109 tribes. • The belief was that tribes were acculturated and no longer needed the government as their ‘trustee’ • 1.3 million acres of land and impacted 11,000 + people • Terminated benefits and support services for tribes • Now under state law • Mass movement from tribal family groups to urban centers to seek employment

  10. 1960-1988: Self-determination • Fishing rights • AIM • Occupation of Alcatraz (1969) • Trail of Broken Treaties (1973) • Occupation of Wounded Knee (1973) • Marches, boycotts, demonstration • Indian Civil Rights Act (1968)

  11. 1988-today: Self-determination & self-governance • 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act • 1990 Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act • Obama: Tribal Leaders’ Summit • 2009 and 2011

More Related