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The Cerebral Cortex and Higher Intellectual Functions

The Cerebral Cortex and Higher Intellectual Functions. Primary, Secondary and Association . Frontal lobe. Plans for Action (prefrontal cortex). Functions of the prefrontal cortex: 1) Planning This is the area where volition, thinking ahead, problem

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The Cerebral Cortex and Higher Intellectual Functions

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  1. The Cerebral CortexandHigher Intellectual Functions

  2. Primary, Secondary and Association

  3. Frontal lobe

  4. Plans for Action (prefrontal cortex)

  5. Functions of the prefrontal cortex: 1) Planning This is the area where volition, thinking ahead, problem solving are located. Before you can have these, and do them flexibly, fluently, adaptively, have to inhibit more primitive, automatic, instinctive behavior patterns; hence 2) Inhibition 3) Selectivity ‘I will do this, I will not do that’

  6. Phineas Gage

  7. Prefrontal Cortex Damage: • Lack of foresight • Frequent stubbornness • Inattentive and moody • Lack of ambitions, sense of responsibility, sense of propriety (rude) • Less creative and unable to plan forthe future

  8. Lobes in a lateral view of left hemisphere Atlas Fig.2-11

  9. Attention, Representation of Space (right parietal association cortex)

  10. Spatial relationships distorted

  11. Spatial relationships distorted

  12. language

  13. Broca Aphasia (Expressive aphasia) Left hemisphere Broca's aphasia - Sarah Scott - teenage stroke http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aplTvEQ6ew

  14. Wernicke Aphasia (Receptive aphasia) Left hemisphere Wernicke's Aphasia Interview with Amelia Carter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtadyCc_ybo

  15. Prosody of speech (right hemisphere)

  16. Sleep

  17. Why Do We Need Sleep? Adaptive Evolutionary Function • safety • energy conservation/ efficiency Restorative Function • body rejuvenation & growth Brain Plasticity • enhances synaptic connections • memory consolidation

  18. The ascending arousal system promotes wake B. A. Modified from Fuller et al., J Biol Rhythms, 2006

  19. Hypocreatin (orexin)

  20. Narcolepsy VS Insomnia

  21. Melatonin: Produced by pineal gland, released at night-inhibited during the day (circadian regulation); initiates and maintain sleep; treat symptoms of jet lag and insomnia

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