1. Kingdom Plantae

2. How Plants came to be

3. Overview of the Plant Kingdom • Botanists divide the plant kingdom into four groups based on three important features: • Water conducting tissues • Seeds • Flowers

4. Mosses

5. Ferns

6. Cone Bearing Plant

7. Flowering plant

10. The Plant Life Cycle • Plants have life cycles that are characterized by alternation of generations • The two generations are the haploid (N) gametophyte, or gamete-producing plant, and the diploid (2N) sporophyte, or spore-producing plant.

12. Bryophytes • Type of early plant with no vascular tissue that draw water in their cells by osmosis.

14. Moss

16. Liverwort

17. Hornwort

18. In just a few million years, plants grew to a whole new scale on the landscape. Q: What caused this increase in size? A: Vascular Tissue

19. Vascular tissue • A type of tissue that is specialized to conduct water and nutrients through the body of the plant

20. Evolution of Vascular Tissue • Both forms of vascular tissue—xylem and phloem—can move fluids throughout the plant body, even against the force of gravity.

21. Xylem • Carry water upwards from the roots to every part of the plant

22. Phloem • Transports nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis from the leaves down to the roots

24. 22–3 Seedless Vascular Plants

26. Club Mosses 

27. Horsetails

28. Ferns Underground Stem

30. Over millions of years, plants with a single trait—the ability to form seeds—became the most dominant group of photosynthetic organisms on land. • Seed plants are divided into two groups:

31. Gymnosperms • Cone plants • Bear their seeds directly on the surfaces of cones Ex.) conifers, pines, spruces, cycads, ancient ginkgoes and gnetophytes

32. Angiosperms • Flowering plants • Bear their seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed Ex.) grasses, flowering trees shrubs, wild flowers

39. Monocots and Dicots • Monocots and dicots are named for the number of seed leaves, or cotyledons, in the plant embryo. Monocots have one seed leaf, and dicots have two seed leafs

41. Flowers • Seed bearing structures of angiosperms

43. Pollen Entire Male Gamtophyte

44. Pollen grain • Contains the male gamete

46. Pollination • The transfer of pollen from the male gametophyte to the female gametophyte