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AS / A Level Sport and Physical Education Energy and ATP Regeneration

AS / A Level Sport and Physical Education Energy and ATP Regeneration. ENERGY CONCEPTS. DEFINITIONS ENERGY is the ability to perform work and is often measured in Joules (J) but also calories (1 calorie = 4.18 J) WORK = force x distance moved measured in joules J POWER

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AS / A Level Sport and Physical Education Energy and ATP Regeneration

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  1. AS / A Level Sport and Physical Education Energy and ATP Regeneration

  2. ENERGY CONCEPTS

  3. DEFINITIONS ENERGY is the ability to perform work and is often measured in Joules (J) but also calories (1 calorie = 4.18 J) WORK = force x distance moved measured in joules J POWER is the rate at which energy is used the energy used per second unit is Watts (W) ENERGY

  4. WORK = force x distance moved How much work would you perform if you had to push a rugby scrummaging machine weighing 7200N back 3 metres 7200N X 3 = 21, 6 00 Nm or 21, 600 J

  5. Power Power = Work / Time or force x distance / time Power is considered to be a combination of strength and speed. Its the rate at which work is done First XV Second XV 21, 600/4 21, 600/6 = 5,400 W = 3,600 W

  6. Energy can exist in different forms CHEMICAL ENERGY • Is energy that is produced by a complex series of chemical reactions • It is stored as compounds in our bodies for example ATP, Carbohydrates and fats. • which can then be made available as : KINETIC ENERGY • is energy due to movement • which results from muscular contractions – running, lifting, hitting POTENTIAL ENERGY • is stored energy due to gravity waiting to be released, ATP does nothing until phosphate is released with the help of ATPase

  7. EXAMPLES FROM SPORT OF ENERGY FORMS Chemical – food is broken down by several chemical reactions into Energy in the form of protein, fat and carbohydrate Kinetic – when i am on the cross-trainer my movement creates this Form of energy Potential – I am waiting to throw the javelin, my muscles are not Moving I am still. The energy is stored waiting to be used

  8. ENERGY CONCEPTS • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS • measurement of energy expenditure • DIRECT METHOD • involves burning of food • and measuring heat energy produced • INDIRECT METHOD • involves measurement of oxygen consumed or oxygen uptake during exercise APPLICATIONS • warming-up • the construction of training programmes • prevention of fatigue • delay of fatigue • recovery from fatigue • nutrition • performance • bodyweight control • body temperature maintenance • RATES OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE (per kg of body mass) • above basal requirements - kJ kg-1 min-1 • sitting at rest 0.14 • walking 0.2 • jogging / swimming (moderate) 0.6 • cycling (moderate) 0.46 • vigorous exercise 0.8

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