Section 2-1 Earth’s Crust in Motion

1. Section 2-1 Earth’s Crust in Motion Celida Beas Gladys Hernandez Stephanie Ramos 12/10/07

2. Earthquake • Earth movement that is caused by seismic waves.

3. Stress • Stress-A force that acts on a rock that changes its shape or volume.

4. Shearing • Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions.

5. TENSION • Stress that is stretching the rock to make it more thinner and thinner.

6. Deformation • A shape of earths crust or volume.

7. Compression • Stress that squeezes rock until it folds and breaks.

8. Fault • A break in earths crust that slips past each other.

9. Strike slip fault • A type of fault where rocks on either sides move past each other.

10. NORMAL FAULT • A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward caused by tension in the crust sideways with little up-or-down motion.

11. HANGING WALL • The block of rock that from the upper half of a fault.

12. FOOTWALL • The block of rock that from the lower half of a fault.

13. Reverse fault • A type of fault where the hanging wall side upward.

14. Fault-block mountain When a normal fault lifts a block of rock.

15. folds • Bends from where compression shortens and thickens part pf Earth’s crust.

16. anticline • A fold bending upward.

17. syncline • A fold bending downward.

18. Plateaus • A large area of flat land.

19. Stress in the crust • An earthquake is caused by seismic waves. • Stress is an example of a force, that acts on rock to change it’s shape or volume.

20. Type of stress • Shearing, tension, and compression work over millions of years to change the shape and volume of rock. • Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called shearing . • The stress force called tension pulls on the crust stretching rock so it becomes thinner in the middle. • The stress called compression squeezes rock until it folds or breaks. • Any change in the volume of shape in earths crust called deformation.

21. Kinds of faults • A fault is a break in earth crust where slabs of crust slip past each other. • Fault usually occurs along plate boundaries Where the forces of plate motion compress pull,or shear the crust so much that the crust breaks.

22. Normal Faults • Sometimes tension forces earths crust to form an normal fault. • The half of a fault is called a hanging wall. • The other half that lies below that is called a footwall.

23. Reverse Fault • A reverse fault has the same structure of a normal fault. • A reverse fault produces part of the “Appalachian mountain in eastern U.S.

24. Friction along Faults • When a friction is low,the rocks on both sides of the faults slide by each other. • The San Andreas fault forms a transform boundary.

25. Mountain • After years, a fault can change a flat plain in to towering mountain range.

26. Mountains formed by faulting • A fault-block mountain forms when a normal fault uplifts a block of rock. • When two plates move away from each other, tension forces can create many normal faults. • When two normal faults form parallel to each other, a block of water is left lying between them. • When a block of rock lying between two normal faults slides downward, a valley forms.

27. Mountains formed by folding • Folds are bends in rock that form when compression shortens and thickens part of Earth’s crust. • The collision of two plates can cause compression and folding of the crust. • Plate collisions also lead to earthquakes, because folding rock can fracture and produce faults.

28. Anticlines and synclines • An anticline is a fold in rock that bends upward into an arch. • An syncline is a fold that bends downward in the middle to form a bowl. • Anticlines and synclines are found on many parts of Earth’s surface where compression forces have folded the crust.

29. plateau • A plateau is a large area of flat land elevated above sea level. • Some plateaus form when vertical faults push up a large flat block of rock

30. WE LEARNED We learned that a fault-block mountain forms when a normal fault lifts a block of rock.We also learned the three types of stress, they are shearing,tension,and compression.Also that each type of stress has different ways of there actions.

31. Presentation has title, mentions member’s names, and includes a complete date. Topic slides are well thought out, informative, full of details, and demonstrate a deep understanding of the subject. Presentation is very creative, animated, and uses many of the formatting techniques learned in class. Student helped gather the information, cooperated with the formatting, and helped the group stay focused by avoiding off-task behavior. TOTAL: 3 3 20 20 10 6 7 5 40 34 Grade Rubricfor Celida Beas Science

32. Presentation has title, mentions member’s names, and includes a complete date. Topic slides are well thought out, informative, full of details, and demonstrate a deep understanding of the subject. Presentation is very creative, animated, and uses many of the formatting techniques learned in class. Student helped gather the information, cooperated with the formatting, and helped the group stay focused by avoiding off-task behavior. TOTAL: 3 3 20 20 10 6 7 5 40 34 Grade Rubricfor Gladys Hernandez Science

33. Presentation has title, mentions member’s names, and includes a complete date. Topic slides are well thought out, informative, full of details, and demonstrate a deep understanding of the subject. Presentation is very creative, animated, and uses many of the formatting techniques learned in class. Student helped gather the information, cooperated with the formatting, and helped the group stay focused by avoiding off-task behavior. TOTAL: 3 3 20 20 10 6 7 5 40 34 Grade Rubricfor Stephanie Ramos Science

34. Excellent beginning to your presentation, but it lacked a lot of formatting after Missing pictures for a lot of your vocabulary Few spelling and grammatical errors, good job! More organization of your time was needed to complete this assignment Teacher Notes Science