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3 Types of Sedimentary Rocks

3 Types of Sedimentary Rocks. Clastic Chemical Organic. Clastic Sedimentary Rock. Sediments form when rocks are weathered and eroded Sediments are moved by wind, glaciers and water Most clastic sediments are deposited in the ocean. Clastic Sedimentary Rock.

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3 Types of Sedimentary Rocks

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  1. 3 Types of Sedimentary Rocks • Clastic • Chemical • Organic

  2. Clastic Sedimentary Rock • Sediments form when rocks are weathered and eroded • Sediments are moved by wind, glaciers and water • Most clastic sediments are deposited in the ocean

  3. Clastic Sedimentary Rock • Sediments are converted into solid sedimentary rock by the processes of compaction and cementation.

  4. Clastic Sedimentary Rock Compaction & Cementation

  5. Clastic Sedimentary Rock Compaction & Cementation

  6. Clastic Sedimentary Rock • Compaction occurs when the weight of overlying materials compresses the deeper sediments. • Cementation occurs when soluble cementing materials, such as calcite, silica, and iron oxide, are precipitated onto sediment grains, fill open spaces, and join the particles.

  7. Clastic Sedimentary Rock • Particle (clast) size is key to type of rock • Gravel is > 2 mm • Sand is 1/16 mm to 2 mm • Mud is < 1/16 mm • Clay is < 4 um • Silt is > 4 um

  8. Sandstone

  9. Conglomerate

  10. Shale

  11. Chemical Sedimentary Rock • Chemical sedimentary rocks are made of mineral crystals that formed from chemicals dissolved in water. • The water in the oceans, lakes, and underground is often full of dissolved minerals and other elements.

  12. Chemical Sedimentary Rock • When water is so full of elements that not all will fit, some are not able to remain dissolved. • They come out of solution, or precipitate, forming solid mineral crystals. • Precipitation is the opposite of dissolving.

  13. Chemical Sedimentary Rock • Minerals precipitate when some water has been evaporated or when a chemical reaction occurs. • Evaporation takes only water molecules into the atmosphere so the elements in the remaining liquid water become very concentrated. Eventually, they do not all fit and some precipitate out as mineral.

  14. Chemical Sedimentary Rock

  15. Chemical Sedimentary Rock • Inorganic Precipitates • Halite • Gypsum • Organic precipitates • Limestone - (Calcite: a Calcium carbonate mineral)- CaCO3 • Dolomite - CaMg(CO3)2

  16. Halite

  17. Gypsum

  18. Limestone

  19. Dolomite

  20. Organic Sedimentary Rock Coal • Peat --> Lignite --> Coal • Coal: Bituminous & Anthracite Anthracite Bituminous

  21. Organic Sedimentary Rock Coal • Coal is an organic sedimentary rock that has been altered slightly by being compressed and heated. • It was formed by the rapid burial of large numbers of plants; swamp forest. • Over time the plant material is compacted so much by the weight of the overlying sediment that it is turned in to rock.

  22. Organic Sedimentary Rock Coal • Coal is a nonrenewable energy source because it takes millions of years to create. (mostly formed during the Carboniferous period) • It is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

  23. Organic Sedimentary Rock

  24. Organic Sedimentary Rock

  25. Organic Sedimentary Rock

  26. Organic Sedimentary Rock

  27. Organic Sedimentary Rock

  28. Coal

  29. Coal • Xcel's Cherokee Power Plant near 64th and Washington streets. • Plant Description: Cherokee Station is a coal-fired, steam-electric generating station with four operating units. • Fuel Source: Low-sulfur coal supplied by several mines in western Colorado, including Twentymile Mine, ColoWyo Mine, West Elk Mine and Powderhorn Mine.

  30. Sedimentary Environments • A sedimentary rock can tell you something about what the environment was like when and where the sediment was deposited. • Lakes • Lower courses of rivers • Shallow ocean • Deep ocean

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