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Types of Sedimentary Rocks

Types of Sedimentary Rocks. Chapter 6.2. Classifications . Sedimentary rocks are classified by their mode of formation Clastic Chemical Biochemical . Clastic Sedimentary Rocks. C lassified according to size of their particles Coarse grained rocks Medium grained rocks

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Types of Sedimentary Rocks

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  1. Types of Sedimentary Rocks Chapter 6.2

  2. Classifications • Sedimentary rocks are classified by their mode of formation • Clastic • Chemical • Biochemical

  3. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks • Classified according to size of their particles • Coarse grained rocks • Medium grained rocks • Fine grained rocks

  4. Coarse grained rocks • Gravel sized rock and mineral fragments

  5. Conglomerates rock

  6. Medium grained rocks • Sand sized rocks • Sandstone • Ripple marks and cross-bedding help geologists map out ancient rivers • Quartz and rock fragments • High porosity

  7. Sandstone rock

  8. Fine-grained rocks • Consist of silt and clay sized particles • Siltstone and shale • Environments like swamps and ponds • Still or slow moving • Accumulate in thin horizontal layers • Low porosity • Form barriers that hinder the movement of groundwater and oil

  9. Siltstone and Shale rock

  10. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks • Involves the processes of evaporation and precipitation of minerals • Evaporation • Minerals are left behind • Arid areas – high evaporation rates can increase concentration of dissolved minerals in bodies of water • Great Salt Lake • -common in arid regions

  11. Water Cycle

  12. Evaporates

  13. Biochemical • Formed from the remains of once living organisms • Limestone • Primarily calcite • Common in shallow water • Around coral reefs • May include fossils • Siliceous ooze solidifies • Coal

  14. Limestone rock

  15. Chert • Fine grained quartz

  16. Conglomerate

  17. Sandstone

  18. Shale

  19. Shell limestone

  20. Coal

  21. Calcareous tufa • Calcite

  22. Rock salt

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