1. Agronomic R&D on the use of urine and faeces in Burkina Faso – what have we learnt after 8 years? Dr Moussa BONZI; INERA-Chef de departement GRN/SP

2. Presentation outline Introduction Synthesis after 8 year R&D in BF Next

3. Research has been carried out on two levels: • Action research with farmers • On-station research • Vegetables, tubers and cereals • Different themes – fertilizer effect on plants and soils and also economic evaluations etc. • This presentation summarize the research results that can be used in the field and also attract investors/donors/politicians Introduction

4. Synthesis after 8 year R&D in BF

5. Synthesis after 8 year R&D in BF

6. Production and use of sanitized urine (Birg-koom = liquid fertilizer) Synthesis after 8 year R&D in BF

7. Production and use of sanitized faeces (Birg-koenga) : Synthesis after 8 year R&D in BF

8. Periods and dose of sanitized urine (Birg-koom) and faeces (Birg-koenga) to different types of crops (Dr Moussa BONZI; Agronomist, EcoSan)

9. Periods and dose of sanitized urine (Birg-koom) and faeces (Birg-koenga) to different types of crops (Dr Moussa BONZI; Agronomist, EcoSan) Recommandations to users : • Possible combination with chemical fertilizers : • If you dont have birg-koom – use urea • If you don’t have birg koenga – use NPK • Dose for rice production • With high density planting, it is possible to increase birg-koom to 1 litres/m2 for the first application and 2 litres/m2 for the second application. • Without NPK and no birg-koenga it is recommended increase birg-koom to 2 litres/m2 for the first application and 2 litres/m2 for the second application • A dose of 500 g Birg-koenga/m2 can be compelmented with 0,3 litres/m2 of Birg-koom • Dose for traditional cereal production (sorghum, millet, maize) • Micro dose of 50 g of Birg-koenga per pocket allow to save 400-500 kg per ha (normally 1000 kg birg-koenga/ha is recommended) • Dose for vegetables : • Gardening is intensive (30-40 ton of manure/ha). With a very high density of vegetables we sometimes find, it can be necessary to increase the Birg-koom dose (max 30-40%).

10. To be aware of… Only one type of EcoSan fertilizer do not replace mineral fertilizers (NPK and urea) If you have: Birg-Koom (sanitized urine) only: apply NPK as base fertilizer and replacde urea with birg-koom Birg-Koenga (sanitized faeces) only, apply Birg-koenga as base fertilizer and then urea as a top dressing according to recommended dose Two EcoSan fertilizers: Apply Birg-Koenga to replace NPK and Birg-Koom to replace urea +

11. EcoSan fertilizer performance

12. Control plot with little fertilizer Plot fertilized with Birg-koom (in Ralo)

13. Birg-koom (urine) Urea No fertilizer

14. Rice fertilized with Birg-koom in the rice fields in the rainfed rice project in Garango

15. Syntesis of agronomic results on cereals :

16. Techniques and tips for urine (birg-koom) and feces (birg-koenga) application according to crop type → Photo-document - some examples here:

17. Application technique of Birg-koom on all types of crop planted in lines (after soil preparation) Apply urine in furrows in a uniform fashion to all plants

18. Application technique of Birg-koom in rice production Apply urine uniformly to the field – and flood the field with water after application

19. Birg-koom application technique to sensitive crops 1. Dilute urine in a wateringcanwithat least 100% water 2. Applydiluted urine to onions and lettuce and then water down

20. Application of EcoSan fertilizer to planting pits (zaï) and half-moon

21. Major constraints with EcoSan fertlizers

22. Next On-station research continues at INERA Saria Several combinations are compared: EcoSan fertilizer/mineral fertilizer/compost/manure/control For the development impact of EcoSan fertilizer use: → We are trying to identify key actions that will allow scaling up 22 19-nov.-14

23. Thank you for your attention