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UKRAINE

Armed agression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine: expanding of the hibrid threats to a sea and violation of the law of the sea Colonel Leonid Zaliubovskyi, Head of the legal department of Ukrainian Navy. Russian hybrid activities in the Black Sea region –

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UKRAINE

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  1. Armed agression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine: expanding of the hibrid threats to a sea and violation of the law of the sea Colonel Leonid Zaliubovskyi, Head of the legal department of Ukrainian Navy

  2. Russian hybrid activities in the Black Sea region – tool to influence on Mediterranean and Middle East areas RUSSIA RUSSIA MOSCOW BRUSSELS NATO/EU UKRAINE UKRAINE NATO/EU MOLDOVA Azov sea BLACK SEA Black sea MEDITERRANEAN SEA GEORGIA ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN Mediterranean sea SYRIA RUSSIAN MILITARY BASES RUSSIAN NAVAL BASES LIBIA 2

  3. Russian naval capabilities build up Quantity as on 2019 RBSF 40 30 SWD Novorossiysk Naval base Crimean Naval base 4 Independent Submarine Brigade 41 Missile Boat Brigade 7 197 Assault Ship Brigade 184 Coastal Defense Ship Brigade 68Coastal Defense Ship Brigade 15 Patrol ship brigade Strike radius of «Kalibr» missiles 168 From Black Sea Total missile salvo “Kalibr” missile before 2020 96 0 From Caspian Sea 2014 2018 To be built by 2020 Built by 2018: 4 guided-missile corvettes 3 Krivak V 6 patrol ships 4 Missile corvette 6 Improved Kilo 4 ISB 30 SWD to 30 SWD to PB to 30 SWD 4

  4. Russian activity to obstruct shipping MARIUPOL BERDIANSK UKRAINE YEISK Average waiting time at Kerch straight in 2018 AZOV SEA KERCH RUSSIA 5 TEMRIUK

  5. Ukraine EEZ before and after Russian occupation of the Crimea peninsula

  6. Armed attack against Ukrainian Navy boats by Russian Federation 25.11.2018 close to Kerch straight Injured Ukrainian Navy personnel Andrii ARTEMENKO Vasyl SOROKA Adrii EIDER Actions of Ukrainian Navy personnel were legal in accordance with United Nations Convention Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982, Agreement between Ukraine and Russia about cooperation in use of Sea of Azov and Kerch straight from 2003, and common maritime practice of safety navigation at sea 6

  7. ITLOS, Case #26, concerning the detention of three Ukrainian naval vessels (Ukraine v. Russian Federation), Provisional Measures Request of Ukraine for the prescription of provisional measures under article 290, paragraph 5, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: a. Release the Ukrainian naval vessels the Berdyansk, the Nikopol, and the Yani Kapu, and return them to Ukraine; b. Suspend criminal proceedings against the twenty-four detained Ukrainian servicemen and refrain from initiating new proceedings; and c. Release the twenty-four detained Ukrainian servicemen and allow them to return to Ukraine. Order of 25 May 2019 The Russian Federation shall immediately release the Ukrainian naval vessels Berdyansk, Nikopol and Yani Kapu, and return them to the custody of Ukraine; b. The Russian Federation shall immediately release the 24 detained Ukrainian servicemen and allow them to return to Ukraine; c. Ukraine and the Russian Federation shall refrain from taking any action which might aggravate or extend the dispute submitted to the Annex VII arbitral tribunal.

  8. Desired end state of Russia – full dominance in Black and Azov seas Russian buildup at the occupied Crimea Sea of Azov Before occupation (January, 2014) JANUARY, 2019 2022 Crimea Serpent Island 31500 43000 12500 40 100 – Gas platforms Kerch straight 583 1150 92 UNCLOS 162 400 24 122 213 22 114 62 37 Current Russian objectives in Black and Azov seas area 1) Legalization of status of territorial sea around occupied Crimea 2) Pressure on neighbors’ maritime industry 3) Closing sea of Azov for navigation to Ukrainian ports and its gradual occupation 80 64 – 45 40 29 7 7 2 3 Montreux convention

  9. Mission: To deter aggression, to protect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, and to ensure maritime security, economic prosperity, and international peace, in cooperation with national defense / security forces and strategic partners, at and from the sea. Vision 2035: Modern, agile & innovative NAVY capable to protect people of Ukraine & national interests in maritime & coastal domain conducting asymmetric & decisive operations, with highly motivated & professional personnel, dedicated to win. U K R A I N I A N N A V Y S T R A T E G Y 2 0 3 5 Coastal Littoral Blue waters 2017 2030 2035 2025 Protect sovereignty and integrity Deter aggression Enhance security, prosperity and peace Territorial waters < 12 nm Beyond Black Sea EEZ< 200 nm 7 70-90 mln. USD/year 100-250 mln. USD (TBD)/year 150-400 mln. USD (TBD)/year

  10. Capability Matrix U K R A I N I A N N A V Y S T R A T E G Y 2 0 3 5 NATO AJP-3.1 was selected as primary publication for Ukrainian Navy roles and methods 8

  11. Questions?

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