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Ladder Safety

Ladder Safety. University Safety and Assurances 229-6339 www.safety.uwm.edu. Choosing Right Equipment -- Ladder or Scaffold?. Ladder. Scaffold. Will the job take only a short amount of time? Does work require side-to-side movement? Does the work require using tools with both hands?.

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Ladder Safety

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  1. Ladder Safety University Safety and Assurances 229-6339 www.safety.uwm.edu

  2. Choosing Right Equipment -- Ladder or Scaffold? Ladder Scaffold • Will the job take only a short amount of time? • Does work require side-to-side movement? • Does the work require using tools with both hands? US&A (v. 2/07)

  3. Straight Ladder Step Ladder Extension Ladder Sectional Ladder Trestle Ladder Trolley Ladder Side Rolling Mason’s Ladder Max 30’ Max 20’ Max 60’ Combined lengths of section not longer than specified for equivalent non-sectional types Max 30’ Max 20’ Max 20’ Max 40’ Types of Ladders US&A (v. 2/07)

  4. Duty Ratings • Type IAA: Special-duty -- 375 lbs • Type IA: Extra heavy-duty -- 300 lbs • Type I: Heavy-duty -- 250 lbs • Type II: Medium-Duty -- 225 lbs (not recommended at UWM) • Type III: Light-Duty -- 200 lbs (not allowed at UWM) US&A (v. 2/07)

  5. Load Limits • Select a ladder designed to hold the necessary load, including worker and equipment • Do not assume that a longer ladder has a higher duty rating. There is no relationship between length and duty rating. • The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) requires that a duty rating sticker be placed on the side of every ladder so users can determine if they have the correct type ladder for each task/job. US&A (v. 2/07)

  6. Advantages/Disadvantages • Fiberglass • Strong, lightweight, electrically non-conductive • More expensive than wood or metal Fiberglass Ladder US&A (v. 2/07)

  7. Advantages/Disadvantages • Metal • Must not be used when working on or near electrical wires • lightweight US&A (v. 2/07)

  8. Advantages/Disadvantages • Wood • Heavier than aluminum or fiberglass • Can rot • Electrically non-conductive US&A (v. 2/07)

  9. Ladder Safety Checklist Check for damage prior to using: • Make sure feet are not broken or malfunctioning and that the slip-resistant pads are secure. • Inspect for cracks, bends & splits on the side rails, rungs & steps. • Make sure both rung locks are working properly. • Test the rope & pulley. Examine rope for any signs of fraying. Make sure the pulley is operating smoothly. • Ensure all bolts and rivets are secure. • Make sure ladder is free of foreign materials such as oil & grease. • Make sure the spreader braces are secure & working properly. • Aluminum or steel ladders should be inspected for rough burrs and sharp edges. US&A (v. 2/07)

  10. Immediately remove ladder from service if inspection finds • Broken or missing steps, rungs or cleats • Broken or damaged side rails • Other faulty equipment such as missing feet, damaged connections, broken rivets US&A (v. 2/07)

  11. Ladder Set-Up • Always place ladders on a stable surface • Clear debris • Level uneven ground US&A (v. 2/07)

  12. Ladder Set-Up • Always assure secure footing • Keep ladder free from mud, grease and other substances which could cause you to slip • Keep area around ladder free from traffic. US&A (v. 2/07)

  13. Ladder Set-Up • Always lock or guard door if ladder blocks doorway US&A (v. 2/07)

  14. Ladder Set-Up • Base of straight ladder should be 1 foot away from the surface for every 4 feet to the top (1:4) 4 feet 1 foot US&A (v. 2/07)

  15. Ladder Set-Up • Don’t place ladder on boxes, barrels or other unstable surfaces to extend height US&A (v. 2/07)

  16. Extension Ladders • Always raise extension ladders so that the upper section overlaps and rests on the bottom section. • The upper section must always overlap on the climbing side of the extension ladder. US&A (v. 2/07)

  17. Extension Ladder Overlap Extension Ladders should have the proper overlap: • Three foot overlap for 32-foot ladder • Four foot overlap for 32- to 36-foot ladder • Five foot overlap for 36- to 48-foot ladder • Six foot overlap for 48-foot ladder US&A (v. 2/07)

  18. Straight Ladder • If a straight ladder is used to climb onto an elevated work station, it will extend at least 3 1/2 feet above the working level. This ladder is not sufficiently extended US&A (v. 2/07)

  19. Safe Ladder Use • Face the ladder when ascending or descending • Both hands should be placed on ladder rails, not on rungs, when ascending and descending • Maintain 3 point contact at all times -- This means both feet and one hand or one foot and both hands US&A (v. 2/07)

  20. Safe Ladder Use • Use extra caution while climbing in windy weather US&A (v. 2/07)

  21. SafeLadder Use • Always climb completely past the landing before stepping over US&A (v. 2/07)

  22. SafeLadder Use • Don’t“walk” a ladder (rocking from side to side to move) • Don’t use a stepladder as a straight ladder US&A (v. 2/07)

  23. Safe Ladder Use • Don’t carry tools in your hands. (A tool pouch or belt should be used or tools should be hoisted up) • Don’t overreach to either side or lean too far forward or backward US&A (v. 2/07)

  24. Safe Ladder Use • Don’t use a ladder without locking spreader or other device in place US&A (v. 2/07)

  25. Safe Ladder Use • Don’t climb using bracing on back legs of step ladder • Don’t attempt to straighten or use a bent ladder made of metal or reinforced plastic--repairs should be made by qualified personnel US&A (v. 2/07)

  26. Safe Ladder Use • Don’t Climb using two highest steps or top of platform US&A (v. 2/07)

  27. Safe Ladder Use • Don’t use a defective ladder • Don’t block a fire exit • Don’t use a ladder as a platform • Don’t use a ladder by more than one person US&A (v. 2/07)

  28. Safe Ladder Use • Don’t use a ladder if you are feeling dizzy, light-headed, are excessively tired, on medication, have recently consumed alcohol or are otherwise temporarily impaired. US&A (v. 2/07)

  29. Ascending and Descending • Always face ladder when ascending, descending and performing work US&A (v. 2/07)

  30. Safe Ladder Use • Keep between the side rails when working --your body should be centered on the ladder so your belt buckle is between the side rails US&A (v. 2/07)

  31. Ladder Storage • Store ladders for easy access and inspection. • Store vertically if possible. If not possible, store horizontally supporting ladder at several points to avoid sagging • Protect ladder from heat, weather and corrosive materials US&A (v. 2/07)

  32. Ladder Storage • Do not leave ladders where they may create a tripping or fall hazard for others US&A (v. 2/07)

  33. Lifting and Carrying • Lift ladder using legs muscles, not back • Carry holding ladder close to body US&A (v. 2/07)

  34. Lifting and Carrying When carrying ladder: • Balance center of ladder on your shoulder • Position so front end of ladder is above your head and back end is near the ground US&A (v. 2/07)

  35. Lifting and Carrying When ascending and descending stairs, carry ladder with one hand and hold stair rail with the other hand US&A (v. 2/07)

  36. Lifting and Carrying • Set ladder down when opening and closing doors • Take special care when negotiating corners or turning around US&A (v. 2/07)

  37. Lifting and Carrying • When it is necessary for two people to carry a ladder, both should be on the same side of ladder and both people should walk in step. • Spikes, hooks or ladder feet should face toward the rear when ladder is being carried US&A (v. 2/07)

  38. What’s Wrong in this Picture? US&A (v. 2/07)

  39. What’s Wrong in this Picture? • Climb only as high as the 2nd tread from the top on a step ladder and the 3rd rung from the top on a straight ladder. US&A (v. 2/07)

  40. What’s Wrong in this Picture? • Do not sit on the ladder and never sit or stand on the top cap of a step ladder – it is not designed to carry your weight. US&A (v. 2/07)

  41. What’s Wrong in This Picture? Ladder should be opened fully and locking mechanism engaged prior to ascending US&A (v. 2/07)

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