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Water Pollution

Water Pollution. Examples of Polluted Waters. WATER POLLUTION. DOMESTIC SEWAGE. AGRICULTURAL RUN OFF. INDUSTRIAL WASTES. It is possible to estimate the amount of organic matter in sewage water by measuring Biochemical oxygen Demand ( BOD). EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON LIVING ORGANISMS.

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Water Pollution

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  1. Water Pollution

  2. Examples of Polluted Waters

  3. WATER POLLUTION

  4. DOMESTIC SEWAGE

  5. AGRICULTURAL RUN OFF

  6. INDUSTRIAL WASTES

  7. It is possible to estimate the amount of organic matter in sewage water by measuring Biochemical oxygen Demand ( BOD).

  8. EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION ON LIVING ORGANISMS • Due to domestic sewage • Due to industrial chemical wastes • Due to thermal waste water

  9. EFFECTS DUE TO DOMESTIC SEWAGE • Consumption of dissolved oxygen due to decomposition of sewage cause the death of aquatic organisms. • Nitrogen and phosphorous cause excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants which in turn • Causes • (i) deterioration in water quality, • (ii) fish mortality, • (iii) cause diseases like typhoid, jaundice and dysentery due to the presence of pathogens.

  10. “Terror of Bengal • Presence of large amounts of nutrients in water cause excessive growth of planktonic ( free –floating) algae – called algal bloom, which result in deterioration of water quality. • Eg. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) the world’s most problematic aquatic weed called” “Terror of Bengal” lead to imbalance in ecosystem

  11. “Terror of Bengal”

  12. EFFECTS DUE TO INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL WASTE • Mercury and DDT cause biological magnification • High concentration of DDT disturb the calcium metabolism, causes thinning of egg shell and their premature breaking leading to decline of bird population. • Toxic chemicals harmful to man and other animals.

  13. EFFECTS DUE TO THERMAL WASTE WATER(HOT WATER) • Reduces or eliminates many organisms sensitive to high temperature. • Enhance the growth of plants and fish in cold areas.

  14. Eutrophication • Eutrophicationis the natural aging of a lake by biological enrichment of its water. Effluents from the industries and homes can radically accelerate the aging process is called cultural or accelerated Eutrophication

  15. FOAM

  16. Arcata's wastewater circulates through a six-marsh system before it is released into the Bay. • The natural processes occurring in the marshes simultaneously purify the wastewater by removing excess nutrients, and "feed" the marsh plants with water high in nitrogen-rich organic matter. Nutrients are taken up by the plants and thus removed from the wastewater. • The roots and stems of the plants also clean the water by forming a dense netlike filter that removes large quantities of suspended solid materials. • Algae, fungi, bacteria, and micro-organisms attached to the roots of these plants feed on these solids. • This nutrient-rich habitat attracts thousands of birds, over 200 species, to the sanctuary.

  17. SOLID WASTES • Municipal solid waste • Fly ash • Defunct ships • Hospital wastes • Industrial wastes • Electronic wastes (e wastes)

  18. DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTES • Burnt to reduce volume • Buried as landfills • Incinerated • Recycled

  19. e waste

  20. Irreparable computers and other electronic goods are known as electronic wastes. E-wastes are buried in land fills • Recycling is the only solution for the treatment of e-wastes in an environment friendly manner

  21. Agro Chemicals :- • Increased use of Inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides etc are toxic to non tar gent organisms – the important components of soil ecosystem • Agro chemicals affect the aquatic ecosystem and causes eutrophication

  22. Radio active wastes: • Nuclear energy hailed as a non – polluting way for generating electricity. • Nuclear energy has two very serious inherent problems. • Accidental leakage ( Like three Mile Island and chernobil incident) • Safe disposal of radio active – wastes ( in shielded containers buried with in rocks 500m deep below earth surface). • Radiation given off by nuclear wastes damages biological organisms because it causes high rate mutations. • Nuclear radiation causes various disorders and diseases like cancer

  23. Green House effect and Global warming:- • Green house effect is a naturally occurring phenomenon responsible for heating the Earth’s surface and atmosphere. • Earth’s surface re-emits heat in the form of infra red radiation. Gases like CO2 and CH4 (called green house gases responsible for green house effect.) radiates heat energy and comes to earth surface heating it once again. • Increase in the level of green houses gases leads to global warming, which results in environmental changes and odd climates Eg. El, Nino effect. • This rise n temperature melts polar ice caps and Himalayan snow caps, may result in a rise in sea level that can submerge coastal areas.

  24. “Bad” ozone formed in the lower atmosphere (Troposhere) harm plants and animals. • “Good” ozone found in the upper part of the atmosphere is called stratosphere shield absorbing UV radiation from the sun. The thickness of ozone is measured in terms of Dobson units (DU) • Ozone is continuously formed by the action of UV rays on molecular oxygen and also degraded into molecular oxygen in the stratosphere. • There should be a balance between production and degradation of ozone in the stratosphere. The balance is disrupted by chlorofluoro carbons (CFCs) using in refrigerants. Cl degrades ozone and produces molecular oxygen.

  25. MEASURE TO CONTROL GLOBAL WARMING • Reduction of use of fossil fuel • Improving energy efficiency • Reducing deforestation • Planting more trees • Reduction of the use of nitrogenous fertilizer.

  26. EFFECTS OF OZONE DEPLETION • Damages DNA due to mutation • Ageing of skin • Damages skin and cause skin cancer • Inflammation of cornea and cataract • Lethal to microbes

  27. Ozone depletion occuring widely in stratosphere particularly marked over Antarctic region. Large area of thinned ozone layer is called ozone hole. • UV – B damages DNA mutation may occur. UV-B causes inflammation of cornea called snow-blindness cataract. • International treaty called Montreal protocol was signed at Montreal (Canada) in 1987 to control the emission of ozone depleting substances. Subsequently may efforts are made to reduce the emission of CFCs and other ozone depleting chemicals.

  28. CAUSES FOR DEFORESTATION • Converted into agricultural land • Cleared for making homes and establishing industries • For timber and firewood • Jhum cultivation

  29. EFFECT OF DEFORESTATION • Increase of carbon dioxide concentration • Loss of biodiversity due to habitat destruction • Disturb hydrological cycle • Soil erosion which leads to desertification.

  30. REFORESTATION • Reforestation is the process of resorting a forest by planting trees. • Government of India instituted the Amrita Devi Bishnoi Wildlife Protection Award for individual or communities from the rural areas that have shown extra ordinary coverage in protecting wild life. • Chipko movement of Garhwal Himalayas in 1974 – bravery in protecting trees from the axe. • JFM. Joint Forest Management – In 1980, Government of India introduced JFM to work closely with the local communities for protecting the forests.

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