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From Prophet to Empire

Explore the journey of the first Islamic Empire, showcasing its emergence as a military force with desert power and advanced tactics, including the use of naphtha-firemen in the 800s. Discover key battles like Yarmuk, where a smaller army triumphed over the Byzantines. Learn about the influence of non-Muslim practices in legal and social frameworks, the Umayyad Caliphate's maritime supremacy, its diverse rule, and the eventual decline due to internal strife and revolts, culminating in the Abbasid uprising led by Abu Muslim.

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From Prophet to Empire

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Presentation Transcript

  1. From Prophet to Empire U May Yad, It’s the First Islamic Empire!

  2. Military Force • “desert power” --- sea tactics • Became iron clad like the Persians/Byzantines • 800s: added naphtha-firemen (flame throwers) • Did believe in martyrdom (driving force) • Ex. Battle of Yarmuk: 40,000 Arabs vs 140,000 Byzies

  3. Islam on the Rise • Muslims exempt from taxation: conversion was discouraged. • Muslims could take non-Muslim wives • Islam spread because it gave people an elevated status

  4. Outside Influences • Dome of the Rock founded by Abd al Malik in 691 (pattern is based on the Church of the Ascension) • The legal code was sharia law but was heavily influenced by Byzantine practice.

  5. Post Prophet Problems • Abu Bakrdies of natural causes BUT • Caliph #2 (Omar) was assassinated at dawn • #3 (Othman) was torn apart by a mob • Finally Ali (son in law) gets his chance (658) • MuawiyaUmayyadisagrees ----fighting begins • Appeals for a truce • Decision went before the elders • Sunnis won the decision

  6. Ali is Down, Umayya is Up • January 22, 661: Ali is murdered by a sunni fanatic • Muawiyabecomes caliph • 14 Umayyad caliphs ruled • Naval supremacy • Postal system • Standard Arab coins • Arabic as the official language

  7. Decline/Fall • Husain (grandson of Ali) led a failed revolt (681) • Vengeance of Husain (Karbala) • 2 problems • Decay of tribal loyalties • Anger towards the government • Persians • Abbasids (Abbas ---uncle of prohet) • Shiites • Abu Muslim (former persian slave) leads revolt in 747 • The last Umayyad leader (Marwan II) runs to Egypt • Abu Al Abbastakes control with a massacre (Saffah) • 19 year old Abd al-Rahmanescapes through N. Africa to Spain….)

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