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Learn about the characteristics and benefits of Predictive, Iterative, and Adaptive project life cycles to choose the most suitable approach for your projects.
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Types of Project Life Cycles • Predictive Life Cycle (Fully Plan-Driven) • Iterative & Incremental Life Cycle • Adaptive Life Cycle
Predictive Life Cycles (Fully Plan-Driven) • Product & deliverable are defined in beginning, and changes in scope managed • Project/product scope, project plan including time, cost determined early • Series of sequential and overlapping phases, with project management processes in each phase • Work and skills required different in nature in each phase • Changes in scope carefully managed, need re-planning, and formal acceptance • Preferred when product is well defined, adequate base of industry practice • May also use rolling wave planning in which high level plan is available, and detailed planning is carried out at time when work is to be done
Iterative & Incremental Life Cycle Communication Planning Modeling (analysis, design) Construction (code, test) Deployment (delivery, feedback) Increment # 3 Delivery of 3rd increment Software Functionality and Features Increment # 2 Delivery of 2nd increment Increment # 1 Delivery of 1st increment Project Calendar Time 6
Iterative & Incremental Life Cycles • High level vision developed, but detailed scope is elaborated later • Changes in scope managed after work begins • Planning for next phase (iteration) is carried out as work progresses on existing phase • Preferred when: • Need to manage changing objectives and scope • Reduce complexity of project • Partial deliverable of a product is beneficial • Large and complex projects to reduce risk by incorporating feedback and lessons learned
Iterative & Incremental Life Cycles • When Used • There is a need to get a product to the market early • New technology is being used • Resources with needed skills are not available • High risks involved
Adaptive Life Cycles • Also called change-driven or agile methods • Also iterative and incremental, but iterations are very rapid • Product is developed by iterations, and detailed scope is defined for each iteration only. Stakeholder influence is higher, and cost of changes lower, compared to predictive. • Intended to respond to high levels of change and ongoing stakeholder involvement • At end of each iteration, product is ready for customer review • Sponsor & customer continuously engaged to provide deliverable feedback as being created • Preferred when: • Dealing with rapidly changing environment • Advance defining requirements & scope difficult • Possible to define small improvements that will provide value to stakeholders
Project Life Cycles Here’s a handy table summarizing the differences between the three types of life cycles.