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The Rise of the Nazis: From the Treaty of Versailles to the Holocaust's Prelude

This overview outlines the historical background leading to the Holocaust, focusing on the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany. It details Adolf Hitler's rise from an aspiring artist in Vienna, his enrollment in the National Socialist German Workers' Party, and the establishment of anti-Semitic policies through legislation like the Nuremberg Laws. These actions set the stage for the systemic persecution of Jews, including ghettoization measures. The socio-political landscape of post-WWI Germany catalyzed the emergence of Nazism and eventually led to the Holocaust.

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The Rise of the Nazis: From the Treaty of Versailles to the Holocaust's Prelude

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The Holocaust Part I

  2. Background: Treaty of Versailles • Treaty between Allied Powers & Germany • Punished Germany • Provisions • Germany to take full responsibility • 6.6 Billion Pounds in Reparations • Loss of territory and colonies • German military severely curtailed • Impact • Shock and humiliation to Germany • Reparations caused economic hardships • Bankrupted country • High unemployment • One cause of the fall of the Weimar Government in 1933

  3. Background: Adolf Hitler • Born in Austria in 1889 • 1907 – went to Vienna to become an artist • Failed entrance exams for Academy of Fine Arts • Remained in Vienna, learned to hate non-Germans • 1914 – joined German army during WWI

  4. Background: Adolf Hitler & the Nazis • 1920 – joins National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazis) • Goals of the Nazis • All Germans unite • Strong central government • Cancellation of Treaty of Versailles • Socialist Causes • Builds membership • Estb. Storm Troopers

  5. Background: Adolf Hitler & the Nazis • Hitler with Storm Troopers attempt to seize government (1923) • Hitler writes Mein Kampf • Jews are a Race, not a Religion • Jews only want power and money • For rational Anti-Semitism • Estb. SS & Rebuilds Nazi party • Gains 40% of the German vote (1932) • Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany (1933)

  6. The Rescission of Emancipation: Nazi Legislation (Part 1) • First Racial Definition (April 11, 1933) • Page 642 • Who is a non-Aryan? • Who can hold a civil service position? • What was the purpose of this law?

  7. The Rescission of Emancipation: Nazi Legislation (Part 2) • The Nuremberg Laws (September 15, 1935) • Page 646 and 647 • How will the Germans keep German blood pure? What is prohibited? • What does female domestic help have to do with keeping German blood pure? • Who has full Reich citizenship? • What does this mean for German Jews?

  8. The Rescission of Emancipation: Nazi Legislation (Part 3) • A Public Opionion Survey • Page 648 • Who issued this report? • What is being reported upon? • Who approves? Who disapproves? • Why do you think the Nazis did these surveys? • What can we learn about the general German population from such reports?

  9. Ghettoization: Legal Measures Against the Jews Continue • Registration of Jewish Property • Exclusion of Jews from professions completed • Passports & Identity papers stamped “jude” • Special Taxes imposed

  10. Ghettoization:Jews Return to the Ghetto • Ghetto Decreed for Berlin (December 5, 1938) • Jews are banned from public places • Jews are banned from entertainment areas • Jews can only live in certain areas • Ghettos established in occupied cities • Judenrat • Mordecai Chaim Rumkowski (1877-1944)

  11. Next Class • Preview • From laws to actions • Pressure to emigrate fails when other countries won’t open their doors • The Final Solution

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