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WORLD HISTORY: UNIT 7 MOUNTING GLOBAL TENSIONS

WORLD HISTORY: UNIT 7 MOUNTING GLOBAL TENSIONS. SSWH11 Students will investigate political and social changes in Japan and in China from the seventeenth century CE to mid-nineteenth century CE. a. Describe the policies of the Tokugawa and Qing rulers; include Oda Nobunaga and Kangxi.

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WORLD HISTORY: UNIT 7 MOUNTING GLOBAL TENSIONS

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  1. WORLD HISTORY: UNIT 7MOUNTING GLOBAL TENSIONS • SSWH11 Students will investigate political and social changes in Japan and in • China from the seventeenth century CE to mid-nineteenth century CE. • a. Describe the policies of the Tokugawa and Qing rulers; include Oda Nobunaga and Kangxi. • b. Analyze the impact of population growth and its impact on the social structure.

  2. Tokugawa Shogunate • SHOGUNATE • THE GOVERNMENT OF hereditary military dictators of Japan from 1192 to 1867 • 1600-1868

  3. feudal Japanese military government • heads of government were the shoguns • Each was a member of the Tokugawa clan • The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo Castle Tokyo.

  4. Society in the Tokugawa period • strict class hierarchy RANKING • EMPEROR • SHOGUNS • daimyo, or lords • warrior-caste of samurai • Farmers • Artisans • Traders

  5. establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate brought Japan the longest period of peace and stability in its history, lasting well over 200 years

  6. http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/at/tokugawa/tj02.html • http://www.history.com/topics/meiji-restoration/videos#samurai

  7. ODA NOBUNAGA 1534 – 1582 unification of Japan under the shogunate in the late 16th century, which ruled Japan until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was also a major daimyo IMPORTANT LEADERS

  8. TOKUGAWA IEYASU 1603-1605 SHOGUN UNIFIER OF JAPAN founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan ABSOLUTE RULER

  9. CHINA, 1600 -1900 • QING DYNASTY • KANGXI, emperor

  10. QING (CHING) OR MANCHU DYNASTY OF CHINA

  11. QING DYNASTY • 1644-1912 • last imperial dynasty of China • preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China • MOST IMPORTANT EMPEROR, KANGXI • 1661-1722, REIGN

  12. reign of 61 years longest-reigning Chinese emperor in history One of the longest-reigning rulers in the world

  13. suppressed revolts and opposition • Conquered Taiwan • blocked Tsarist Russia on the Amur River and expanded the empire in the northwest • Compiled the Kangxi Dictionary • long-term stability and relative wealth after years of war and chaos • He initiated the period known as the "Prosperous Era of Kangxi” • By the end of his reign, the Qing Empire controlled all of China proper, Taiwan, Manchuria, part of the Russian Far East (Outer Manchuria), both Inner and Outer Mongolia, Tibet proper, and Joseon Korea as a protectorate. • CHINA’S GOLDEN AGE, DURING QING DYNASTY • Many foreigners entered China during this dynasty, GB, FR, GER, USA, PORT, NETH

  14. http://en.wiki-videos.com/video/Kangxi%20Emperor

  15. POPULATION CHANGES • In the early years of the Ming dynasty in the late fourteenth century, China's population began dramatic changes that continue to the present. • Rapid increases occurred especially between 1749 and 1811 during the Qing dynasty when the country's population doubled from 177,495,000 to 358,610,000 • By 1851, the population reached perhaps 431,896,000 before the effects of the disastrous Taiping Rebellion brought about a slowing of past growth patterns (Some 30,000,000 deaths occurred between 1851-1864 during the upheavals associated with the attempt to establish the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom • Throughout the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, increasing population pressure on China's arable land was an on-going problem. Remarkable changes in agriculture in China over this four century period attest to extraordinary successes in increasing grain production to feed the burgeoning population.

  16. SSWH13 The student will examine the intellectual, political, social, and economic factors that changed the world view of Europeans. • b. Identify the major ideas of the Enlightenment from the writings of Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau and their relationship to politics and society.

  17. ENLIGHTENMENT • The Age of Enlightenment • Enlightenment • Age of Reason • cultural movement of intellectuals in the 17th and 18th centuries • began first in Europe and later in the American colonies • Purpose: reform society using reason, challenge ideas grounded in tradition and faith, and advance knowledge through the scientific method • Promoted science, skepticism, and intellectual interchange and opposed superstition, intolerance, and some abuses by church and state.

  18. The Scientific Revolution is closely tied to the Enlightenment, as its discoveries overturned many traditional concepts and introduced new perspectives on nature and man's place within it

  19. contributions by hundreds of leading philosophes (intellectuals) • John Locke (1632–1704) • Voltaire (1694–1778) • Rousseau (1712–1778) • Montesquieu (1689–1755) • political idea of the Enlightenment influenced the American Declaration of Independence, the United States Bill of Rights, the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen • ABOVE ARE “ENLIGHTENED DOCUMENTS”

  20. JOHN LOCKE social contract theory Two Treatises of Government AGAINST ABSOLUTE GOVERNMENT FAVORED GOVERNMENT BY “CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED” NATURAL RIGHTS: ALL HAVE RIGHT TO LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY ACCORDING TO HIS CONTRACT THEORY, IF GOVT DOES NOT PROTECT NATURAL RIGHTS, PEOPLE HAVE RIGHT TO “OVERTHROW” GOVT ENLIGHTENED THINKERS

  21. VOLTAIRE Attacked the established RCC Advocate of freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state writer, producing works in almost every literary form, including plays, poems, novels, essays, and historical and scientific works “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”

  22. JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU education of the whole person for citizenship “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” “I prefer liberty with danger than peace with slavery.” “People who know little are usually great talkers, while men who know much say little.” FREEDOM ANTI-SLAVERY POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY, “PEOPLE POWER” “Every man having been born free and master of himself, no one else may under any pretext whatever subject him without his consent. To assert that the son of a slave is born a slave is to assert that he is not born a man.” ― Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract

  23. MONTESQUIEU separation of powers, DIVISION OF POWERS CHECKS AND BALANCES To become truly great, one has to stand with people, not above them. POWER SHOULD BE TO CHECK POWER.

  24. ABSOLUTISM, REVOLUTIONS, REBELLIONS • SSWH14 The student will analyze the Age of Revolutions and Rebellions. • a. Examine absolutism through a comparison of the rules of Louis XIV, Tsar Peter the Great, and Tokugawa Ieyasu. • b. Identify the causes and results of the revolutions in England (1689), United States (1776), France (1789), Haiti (1791), and Latin America (1808-1825). • c. Explain Napoleon’s rise to power, and his defeat; and explain the consequences for Europe. • d. Examine the interaction of China and Japan with westerners; include the Opium War, the Taiping Rebellion, and Commodore Perry.

  25. ABSOLUTISM, ABSOLUTE RULE • Absolute monarchy, a form of government where the monarch has the power to rule their land freely, with no laws or legally organized direct opposition in force • DIVINE RIGHT OF MONARCHS, the doctrine that a monarch derives his or her power directly from God

  26. A COMPARISON OF ABSOLUTE MONARCHS • LOUIS XIV, FRANCE, BOURBON DYNASTY • CZAR PETER I, THE GREAT, RUSSIA, ROMANOV DYNASTY • TOKUGAWA IEYASU, JAPAN, TOKUGAWA CLAN

  27. 1638-1715 REIGN, 1643-1715 72 YRS, 110 DAYS LONGEST IN FR AND EUR HISTORY THE SUN KING “L’ETAT C’EST MOI.” I AM THE STATE. LOUIS XIV

  28. DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS; ABSOLUTE ADVISORS: CARDINAL MAZARIN, JEAN BAPTISTE COLBERT CONTROLLED NOBILITY VERSAILLES PALACE, OUTSIDE PARIS 1661, 1670

  29. PATRON OF THE ARTS, TO GLORIFY THE KING, NOT GOD • EXPANDED FR BORDERS BUT INCREASED DEBT • RESULTS OF REIGN • 1. WORLD POWER • 2. FR-ART, LIT, POL LEADER • 3. MIL LEADER • 4. OVERSEAS COLONIES/TRADE • 5. DEBT • 6. ABUSE OF POWER • 7. LATER, REVOLUTION

  30. 1685, 1701

  31. 1672-1725 REIGN, 1682-1725 REFORMER, INCREASING POWER OF CZAR RUSSIA: BACKWARD GOAL: REFORM…”VIEW” TO WEST, EUROPE HOW: TRIP TO WEST INCOGNITO RESULT: WESTERNIZATION OF RUSSIA PETER THE GREAT, RUSSIA

  32. MIND OF A GENIUS BODY OF A GIANT TEMPER OF A BEAR CONTROLLED RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH REDUCED POWER OF NOBLES (BOYARS) REFORMS- WESTERNIZATION 1. TRAINED MILITARY WITH EUROPEAN OFFICIERS 2. POTATOES 3. 1ST NEWSPAPER 4. RAISED STATUS OF WOMEN 5. WESTERN CLOTHING 6. ADVANCED EDUCATION NAVIGATION SCHOOL SCHOOL FOR ARTS AND SCIENCES BUILT NEW CAPITAL, ST. PETERSBURG, “WINDOW TO THE WEST” “WINDOW TO EUROPE” RESULTS OF ABOVE: RUSSIA, A EUROPEAN POWER 1698 (PICTURE)

  33. RUSSIA, RUSSIAN EMPIRE, PETER THE GREAT AND CATHERINE THE GREAT TO 1796

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