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Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution

Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution. ESSENTIAL QUESTION:. What were the results of early 19c industrialization in America?. The Transportation Revolution. First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA. By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.

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Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution

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  1. Early 19c Industrialization in America: The Market Revolution

  2. ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What were the results of early 19c industrialization in America?

  3. The Transportation Revolution

  4. First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.

  5. Cumberland (National Road), 1811

  6. Conestoga Covered Wagons Conestoga Trail, 1820s

  7. Erie Canal System

  8. Erie Canal, 1820s Begun in 1817; completed in 1825

  9. Robert Fulton & the Steamboat 1807: The Clermont

  10. Principal Canals in 1840

  11. Inland Freight Rates

  12. Clipper Ships

  13. The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830) 1830  13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RRBy 1850  9000 mi. of RR track [1860  31,000 mi.]

  14. TheRailroadRevolution,1850s • Immigrant laborbuilt the No. RRs. • Slave laborbuilt the So. RRs.

  15. New Inventions: "Yankee Ingenuity"

  16. Resourcefulness & Experimentation • Americans were willing to try anything. • They were first copiers, theninnovators. 1800  41 patents were approved. 1860 4,357 “ “ “

  17. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791 Actually invented by a slave!

  18. Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle

  19. OliverEvans First automated flour mill First prototype of the locomotive

  20. John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837)

  21. Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

  22. Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 – Telegraph

  23. Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858

  24. Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840sSewing Machine

  25. The “American Dream” • They all regarded material advance as the natural fruit of American republicanism & proof of the country’s virtue and promise. A German visitor in the 1840s, Friedrich List, observed: Anything new is quickly introduced here, including all of the latest inventions. There is no clinging to old ways. The moment an American hears the word “invention,” he pricks up his ears.

  26. The Northern Industrial "Juggernaut"

  27. Boom/Bust Cycles: 1790-1860 The blue line shows, for comparison, the price of a year’s tuition at Harvard College. In 1790 it was $24, but by 1860 had risen to $104.

  28. Creating a Business-Friendly Climate Supreme Court Rulings:*Fletcher v. Peck (1810)*Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819)*McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)*Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)*Charles Rivers Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1835) General Incorporation Law  passed in New York, 1848. Laissez faire  BUT, govt. did much to assist capitalism!

  29. Distribution of Wealth • During the American Revolution,45% of all wealth in the top 10% ofthe population. • 1845 Boston  top 4% owned over 65% of the wealth. • 1860 Philadelphia  top 1% owned over 50% of the wealth. • The gap between rich and poor was widening!

  30. Samuel Slater(“Father of the Factory System”)

  31. The Lowell/Waltham System:First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

  32. Lowell in 1850

  33. Lowell Mill

  34. Early Textile Loom

  35. New EnglandTextileCenters:1830s

  36. New England Dominance in Textiles

  37. Starting for Lowell

  38. Lowell Girls What was their typical “profile?”

  39. Lowell Boarding Houses What was boardinghouse life like?

  40. Lowell Mills Time Table

  41. Early “Union” Newsletter

  42. The Factory Girl’s Garland February 20, 1845 issue.

  43. I’m a Factory Girl Filled with Wishes I'm a factory girlEveryday filled with fearFrom breathing in the poison airWishing for windows!I'm a factory girlTired from the 13 hours of wok each dayAnd we have such low payWishing for shorten work times!I'm a factory girlNever having enough time to eatNor to rest my feetWishing for more free time!I'm a factory girlSick of all this harsh conditionsMaking me want to sign the petition!So do what I ask for because I am a factory girlAnd I'm hereby speaking for all the rest!

  44. Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell

  45. The Early Union Movement Workingman’s Party (1829)* Founded by Robert Dale Owen and others in New York City. Early unions were usually local, social, and weak. Commonwealth v. Hunt(1842). Worker political parties were ineffective until the post-Civil War period.

  46. What's Happening in America by the 1850s?

  47. Regional Specialization EAST Industrial SOUTH Cotton & Slavery WEST The Nation’s “Breadbasket”

  48. American Population Centers in 1820

  49. American Population Centers in 1860

  50. National Origin of Immigrants:1820 - 1860 Why now?

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