1. HEALTH INDICATORS and SOURCES OF HEALTH DATA

2. ECHI Indicators (82) are a concise European set Our ECHIM project will implement those indicators They serve public health purposes and are intended to enable valid comparisons between countries Under ECHIM/Working Party Indicators country surveys have been carried out showing that some 40 indicators are available in most countries. Available data and indicators concern mainly mortality. HEALTH INDICATORS

3. MORTALITY AND CAUSES OF DEATH HOSPITAL DISCHARGES/ADMISSIONS DISEASE REGISTERS (CANCER) HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEYS: Behaviour, use of services and medicines, perceived and self-assessed health, functioning HEALTH EXAMINATIONS: Measurements of risk and protective factors, physiology, health and disease states, and functioning SURVEY COMBINATIONS AND LINKAGES NATIONAL DATA SOURCES

4. BEHAVIOUR*,*** PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, LEISURE ACTIVITIES, SOCIAL PARTICIPATION SMOKING, ALCOHOL USE, DRUG USE, MEDICINE USE DIET AND NUTRITION HEALTH CARE USE PERCEIVED HEALTH AND FUNCTIONING*,*** BODILY FUNCTIONS AND PHYSIOLOGY*** (to be continued ….) NECESSARY NEW NATIONAL DATA 1 (*HIS, ** HES, *** Both)

5. BODILY FUNCTIONS, PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY**, *** Blood pressure, ECG, Spirometry, Height and Weight (> Obesity), Anthropometric measures FUNCTIONING: Vision, Hearing, Walking speed, Chair stand, Hand grip strength, Balance …. Serum lipids; Glucose and Hb1aC; Biomarkers, Protective and other factors DISEASES *,**, *** History and physical examination incl. joint movements Physician’s examination and other diagnostic methods Need for care, adequacy of care *, **, *** NECESSARY NEW NATIONAL DATA 2(* HIS, ** HES, *** BOTH)

6. Most countries have access to mortality data and use of care data Over half of EU countries have carried out quitecomparable national Health Interview Surveys; recently Eurostat has promoted EHIS surveys Few EU countries have comparable data based on health examinations For the future, we must obtain core HIS data and core HES data Both must be comparable between countries. Using two types of data ensures comparability better than a single source. AVAILABILITY OF DATA

7. New health data are needed in currently weak areas Some countries have the necessary experience to develop and maintain the European health survey system Their examples and their potential for international guidance will enable Europe to create a common comparable health survey system COMPLETING THE EU HEALTH INDICATOR SYSTEM