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Class

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7 diapositives · 238 Views · Aug 31, 2014

Class. Structure. Example. Structural. General. Alkanes. C-C. Ethane. C n H 2n+2. Alkenes. C=C. Ethene. C n H 2n. Arenes. Benzene. N/A. Alcohols. -OH. Ethanol. C n H 2n+1 OH. Halogenoalkanes. -X (Cl, Br, F, I). Chloromethane. N/A. How to name organic compounds.

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  1. Class Structure Example Structural General Alkanes C-C Ethane CnH2n+2 Alkenes C=C Ethene CnH2n Arenes Benzene N/A Alcohols -OH Ethanol CnH2n+1OH Halogenoalkanes -X (Cl, Br, F, I) Chloromethane N/A How to name organic compounds There are a list of rules which you must follow when attempting to name organic compounds. These are as follows:- 1) Number of carbon atoms in longest chain provides the stem of name 2) Branched-chain alkanes are named in similar way. Stem names are used with the suffix –yl e.g. CH3 would be methyl 3) Each side chain must be included in the name. If there are several identical side-chains, the name is prefixed by di-, tri- etc. 4) Where different alkyl groups are present, they are placed in alphabetical order as in 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane

  2. Skeletal formula Displayed formula How to name organic compounds 5) Compounds containing a ring of carbon atoms are prefixed by cyclo-. Cyclohexane is represented as: 6) Hydrocarbons may contain alkene or arene groups. These are represented as follows: Position of double bond is given by number of carbon it is attached to.

  3. CH3 CH3 H3C methylbenzene 1,4-dimethylbenzene How to name organic compounds 7) The simplest arene is benzene. When one alkyl group is attached to a benzene ring, a number is not needed. Two or more will require a number. 8) Halogeno compounds are named in the same way as alkyl-substituted alkanes or arenes e.g. 2-bromobutane 9) Alpihatic alcohols and ketones are named in a similar way to alkenes e.g. propan-1-ol, pentan-3-one

  4. How to name organic compounds 10) Aliphatic aldehydes and carboxylic acid groups are at the end of a chain, so they do not need a number. 11) Amines are named using the alkyl- or aryl- prefix followed by –amine. Hence CH3CH2NH2 is ethylamine • Question: • Represent the compound 2-chloro-2-methylpropane by means of the following types of formulae: • displayed, b) structural, c) skeletal, d) molecular, • e) three-dimensional

  5. How to name organic compounds CH3C(CH3)ClCH3 C4H9Cl

  6. B E C F D G How to name organic compounds • Name the following compounds: A CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

  7. How to name organic compounds Draw structural formuale for the following compounds: (i) propanal; (ii) propan-2-ol; (iii) 2-methylpentan-3-one; (iv) propylamine • Draw displayed formulae for the following compunds: • 2,2,3-trimethylbutane; (b) cyclobutane; • (c) 3-ethylpent-2-ene; (d) ethylbenzene