Welcome to Sport and Exercise Psychology

1. Welcome to Sport and Exercise Psychology

3. Putting the Course in Context Sport as a Microcosm of Life: sport reflects life life is sport political meaning of sport

4. “Baseball was a way to make myself a better person” --Sadaharu Oh --

5. “Sport is an important extension of humanity, and the best of athletic competition is in the ideal of competing for the joy of it . . . To see something clean and noble in it . . . To appreciate your personal accomplishments in proper perspective” Brutus Hamilton, Olympic track coach of the 50’s --

6. Sport and Exercise Psychology The scientific study of people and their behaviors in sport and exercise activities and the practical applications of that knowledge.

7. Science of Sport and Exercise Psychology Science: A process, or method, of learning about the world through the systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical filtering of knowledge acquired through experience.

8. Describe Explain Predict Control Goals of Science • THEORY

9. Example: Social facilitation theory Scientific Study Theory: A set of interrelated facts presenting a systematic view of some phenomenon in order to describe, explain, and predict its future occurrences.

10. Understanding Professional Practice Knowledge Professional practice knowledge is what we learn through experience, using many methods of knowing.

11. Methods of Knowing • Scientific method • Systematic observation • Single case study • Personal and shared experience • Introspection

12. Integrating Scientific and Professional Practice Knowledge An Active Approach Apply scientific principles in your professional work setting. Evaluate the utility of scientific principles in the particular context in which you are involved. Keep current by updating and modifying your scientific knowledge base. Hold realistic expectations relative to the strengths and limitations of scientific principles.

13. Sport and Exercise Psychology as an Art and Science The science of coaching, teaching, or leadership focuses on using general scientific principles. The art of coaching, teaching, or leadership is knowing when and how to individualize these general principles.

14. Two Objectives of Sport and Exercise Psychology 1. Understand the effects of psychological factors on physical and motor performance. 2. Understand the effects of participating in physical activity on psychological development, health, and well-being.

15. Objective 1 Typical questions studied in sport and exercise psychology: How does anxiety affect a basketball player’s accuracy in free-throw shooting? Does lacking self-confidence influence a child’s ability to learn to swim? How does a coach’s reinforcement and punishment influence a team’s cohesion? Does imagery training facilitate the recovery process in injured athletes and exercisers?

16. Objective 2 Typical questions studied in sport and exercise psychology: Does running reduce anxiety and depression? Do young athletes learn to be overly aggressive from participating in youth sports? Does participation in daily physical education classes improve a child’s self-esteem? Does participation in college athletics enhance personality development?

17. Sport and exercise psychology applies to a broad population base: Seniors The physically and mentally challenged Children Exercisers Elite athletes Coaches, teachers, and fitness leaders Average athletes

18. What Sport and Exercise Psychology Specialists Do Three roles

19. Research Advance knowledge and share it through professional meetings and journal articles.

20. Teaching Teach university courses either in psychology or exercise and sport science.

21. Consulting Work with athletes of all ages and abilities within the fitness industry and in sportsmedicine/physical therapy.

22. Sport Psychology SpecialtiesClinical Sport Psychologists Licensed psychologists Trained to work with individuals with severe emotional disorders Trained to help athletes with issues like eating disorders and substance abuse Performance & team Enhancement Issues

23. Educational Sport Psychology Specialists Use mental coach approach —understand psychology of human movement & performance. Have training in physical education, kinesiology, or exercise and sport science. Educate and increase athlete and coach awareness of issues such as anxiety management and confidence development.

24. Relationship of Sport Science and Psychology of Knowledge to Sport and Exercise Psychology

25. Three Approaches to Sportand Exercise Psychology Psychophysiologicalorientation Social–psychologicalorientation Cognitive–behavioralorientation

26. PsychophysiologicalOrientation Examines underlying psychophysiological processes of the brain in terms of primary causes of behavior. Example:Biofeedback to train marksmen

27. Social–PsychologicalOrientation Behavior is determined by a complex interaction of the social environment and the personal make-up of the athlete or exerciser. Example:How a leader’s style and strategies foster group cohesion

28. Cognitive–BehavioralOrientation Behavior is determined by both the environment and thoughts (cognitions). Example:Studying differences on confidence, anxiety, etc. among tennis players with or without burnout