American Revolution

1. American Revolution 1754-1783

2. Major Themes • French & Indian War • British Colonial Policies • Colonial Resistance • Declaration of Independence • War of Revolution • Post American Society

3. French and Indian War • Identify the cause of the French and Indian War. • Explain the significance of the Albany Plan of Union. • Analyze the result of the French and Indian War.

4. French & Indian War

5. French and Indian War • French and Indian Wars • Nine Years War (1688-1697) • War of Spanish Succession (1702-1713) • War of Austrian Succession (1744-1748) • Seven Year’s War (1754-1763) • Ohio River Valley • Fort Duquesne • Robert Dinwiddie • George Washington • Albany Conference • Colonial meeting with Iroquois • Albany Plan of Union • General Edward Braddock • Seven Years War • William Pitt • Battle of Quebec • Treaty of Paris (1763)

6. French & Indian War Questions • Which two sides were fighting each other in the French & Indian War? • What caused the start of the war? • What was the significance of the Albany Conference? • What is the Seven Year’s War? • What was considered the turning point of the French and Indian War? • What acquisitions did Great Britain gain from the Treaty of Paris 1763? Why was Spain involved in the treaty?

7. British Colonial Policies • Describe how did the British government hope to solve its financial problems caused by the cost of the French and Indian War. • Explain how the Stamp Act affected the relationship between Britain and the colonies. • Analyze the colonial response to the British policies.

8. Post Treaty of Paris 1763 • Economic problem for Great Britain • Proclamation Act of 1763 • Pontiac’s Rebellion • British officials had been expecting conflict • enraged farmers and land speculators • George Grenville • vice admiralty courts • American Revenue Act (Sugar Act) 1764 • James Otis • Currency Act of 1764 • Quartering Act 1764

9. Stamp Act Crisis • Stamp Act 1765 • royal stamp on all printed materials • first direct tax • Sons of Liberty • Stamp Act Congress • Declaration of Rights and Grievances • boycotts • nonimportation agreements • Stamp Act Repeal 1766 • Declaratory Act

10. Townshend Acts • Charles Townshend, Chancellor of the Exchequer • Revenue Act 1767 • tax on tea, glass, paper, paint • writs of assistance • Virginia Resolves • Daughters of Liberty • Boston Massacre • March 5, 1770 • Symbol of British tyranny

11. Review Questions • Why did the British want its colonies to form an alliance with the Iroquois? • What policies did the British government adopt to help pay its debts from the French and Indian War? • What acts did Parliament pass to raise money to pay for the government’s expenses in America? • How did colonists react to the Townshend Acts?

12. Colonial Resistance • Describe ways in which Massachusetts continued to defy Britain after the repeal of the Townshend Acts • Summarize the first battles between Britain and the colonies.

13. Massachusetts • Boston Massacre • GaspeeAffair • Committees of correspondence • Boston Tea Party • Lord North • British East India Company • Tea Act 1773 • Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) • Port of Boston • Appointment of positions • jury trials • lodging of troops • Quebec Act • First Continental Congress • Philadephia (1774) • Declaration of Rights and Grievances

14. Revolution • Massachusetts Provincial Congress • Minutemen • Loyalists (Tories) • government officials, ministers, landowners • NY, Carolina, Georgia • Patriots (Whigs) • artisans, merchants, planters • New England and Virginia • Lexington & Concord • orders • Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Dr. Samuel Prescott • “the shot heard around the world”

15. Pre-Revolutionary War Battles • Massachusetts Provincial Congress • Minute men • Tories • Government officials • Ministers • Yeomen farmers • Whigs • Lexington and Concord • orders • Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Dr. Samuel Prescott • “the shot heard around the world” • Second Continental Congress • defense • general • Battle of Bunker Hill

16. Decision for Independence • public opinion • Olive Branch Petition • Proclamation for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition • Prohibitory Act • Common Sense • Thomas Paine • Attacked King George III

17. Review Questions • What were the Intolerable Acts? • Why was the American Revolution also a civil war? • In what ways did the Continental Congress act like a government?

18. War for Independence • Describe the strategies behind the Northern Campaign. • Identify and explain the key battles in the American Revolutionary War. • Summarize the scope of the war and the terms of the Treaty of Paris.

19. Opposing Sides • General William Howe • 32,000 troops • advantages • Continental Army • “Continentals” • Robert Morris • guerrilla warfare • strategy

20. Northern Campaign • General Howe’s Strategy • military • diplomacy • Battle of New York City • largest battle of the war • numerous escapes • Nathan Hale • Battles of Trenton and Princeton • Crossing the Delaware River • food & supplies

21. Burgoyne’s Strategy • General John Burgoyne • three pronge strategy • isolate New England • Philadelphia Campaign • Valley Forge • Friedrich von Steuben • Marquis de Lafayette • Battle of Saratoga • turning point • role of Benedict Arnold

22. Western Campaign • Ohio River • George Rogers Clark (1778) • Native American Involvement • Chief Joseph Brandt • Cherokee

23. War at Sea • strategy • letters of marque • John Paul Jones • Bonhomme Richard • Serapis

24. Southern Campaign • General Sir Henry Clinton • Savannah (1778) • Charleston (1780) • The Battle of King’s Mountain • Francis Marion • Yorktown • General Charles Cornwallis • Treaty of Paris

25. Treaty of Paris 1783

26. Questions • What disadvantages did the British troops and the Continental Army face in the war? • Why was the British surrender at Saratoga a turning point in the War for Independence? • Why was the power of the Iroquois and Cherokee people destroyed? • How did Americans attack the British at sea? • Why did the British focus their attention on the South? • Why did the British fear their time was running out to win and end the war?

27. Distinctive American Society • Describe the features of the political system of the United States set up after the Revolutionary War. • Explain the position of women and African Americans in the new political system.

28. New Political Ideas • republic • European view • power • constitutional republic • John Adams • feared true democracy • Bicameral legislature • Enfranchisement • right to vote • right to hold office • “ecclesiastical tryanny”

29. American Society • Role of women • Molly Pitcher • Margaret Corbin • advancements • Judith Sargent Murray – “On Equality of the Sexes” • African Americans • emancipation • worship • Manumission • Loyalists

30. American Culture • nationalism • Art • John Trumbull • Charles Wilson Peale • educated public

31. Questions • What ideas did John Adams promote for the country’s new republican government? • What advances did women make after the war ended? • How did elementary education in America change after the war?