1. Chapter 7: States of Consciousness

2. Warm UP • Check Grade • Find new seats • Get out Homework

3. Come up with a team answer for the following questions: Come up with 3 ways you can improve your 2nd quarter grade.

4. Define consciousness in your own words. • Describe 3 situations in which consciousness would be impaired • Describe a situation in which consciousness would be heightened.

5. Warm Up 1. What are tolerance, dependence, and addiction and what are some common misconceptions about addiction? 2.What are some depressants and what are their side effects? 3. What are some stimulants and what are their side effects? 4. What are hallucinogens and what are their effects? 5. What are some differences between physical and psychological withdrawal?

6. Sleep Quiz

7. True or False. Most American adults get the recommended 8 hours of sleep per night

8. True or False. Males snore more than females

9. True or False. The most common cause of insomnia is poor nutrition

10. True or False. It is dangerous to wake a sleep walker.

11. True or False. A person can die from sleep deprivation

12. True or False. The elderly sleep more than younger people

13. True or False. Drinking a glass of milk can help a person sleep

14. True or False. During sleep, your brain rests.

15. True or False. Boredom makes you feel sleepy, even if you have had enough sleep

16. True or False. Everyone dreams every night

17. True or False. Dolphins, porpoises and whales sleep with one side of their brain at a time

18. True or False. Horses, which spend 92% of each day standing and can sleep standing, must lie down for REM sleep

19. True or False. People rarely snore during dreams. When REM starts, snoring stops

20. True or False. If you dream you are falling and hit the ground, you die.

21. True or False. Rapid eye movement stirs the liquid behind the cornea. This delivers fresh oxygen to the cornea cells, so that they don’t die

22. True or False. Spicy foods cause you to dream more.

23. Warm Up Pick up all 3 papers on the front table Do sleep quiz Check grade and write down hw

24. Warm Up • Pick up Sleep Quiz and 2nd qt schedule on the overhead • Create a chapter 7 unit page

25. What is Consciousness? • Consciousness has been defined by psychologists as our awareness of ourselves and our environment. • The awareness varies depending on our attention to the task at hand. Ex: driving.

26. Sleep Deprivation Quiz

27. Consciousness and Information Processing • Consciousness describes what we are aware of but many things are processed outside of our “consciousness.” • Difficult or novel tasks require more conscious attention than well learned tasks. • Consciousness has a limited capacity

28. Daydreams and Fantasies • Almost everyone daydreams at one point or another. • Young adults tend to fantasize more than older adults, and admit to more sexual fantasies. • Although 95% of all people have sexual fantasies, men tend to fantasize more than women. • Fantasy-prone personality: someone who imagines and recalls experiences with lifelike vividness and who spends considerable time fantasizing.

29. Why Might Daydreaming Be Helpful and Adaptive for Humans? • A way to escape • Prepare for future events • Aware of unfinished business • Increase creativity • Substitute for impulsive behavior

30. Biological Rhythms • Biological Rhythms: periodic physiological fluctuations built into human beings. Ex: 28 day menstrual cycle, 24 hour alertness cycle, annual cycle, 90 minute sleep cycles. • Circadian Rhythm: biological clock that regulates body rhythms on a 24 hour cycle….larks vs. owls.

31. Is P.M.S. A Myth?!? • “Premenstrual Syndrome:” feelings of increasing tension and stress that occur before onset of menstruation. • Human tendency to remember instances that confirm our beliefs. • Placebos work the same • Sadness, lethargic,irritability, headaches, insomnia

33. Sleep • Sleep: refers to the periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness. • Using an EEG, sleep researchers have shown the mind is “awake” during various stages of sleep.

34. Sleep Stages: Stage 1 • As we lay with our eyes closed we are in an awake but highly relaxed state characterized by alpha waves (slow waves) being emitted from our brain. • As we fall asleep, we have a 50% decrease in alpha wave activity…sometimes referred to as “drowsy sleep.” • During Stage 1 sleep, we often experience hallucinations: false sensory experiences. We may feel a sensation of falling or floating. http://www.collegecrunch.org/entertainment/8-things-inception-can-teach-you-about-your-brain/

35. Second Stage: Sleep Spindles • After about 5 minutes in stage 1 sleep, you sleep into Stage 2 sleep which is characterized by Sleep Spindles: bursts of rapid, rhythmic, brain wave activity. • Stage where you are clearly asleep, sleep talking can occur in this stage or any other later stage. • 20 minutes

36. Stage Three: Transition Stage • Stage Three begins your descent into “slow wave sleep.” • Delta Waves: (large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep) begin appearing in stage 3 but are increasingly apparent in Stage 4.

37. Stage Four: Delta Waves • Stage of deep sleep characterized by Delta Waves. • Stage when you are hard to awaken…but still aware of stimuli around you. • Stage at which children may wet the bed or sleep walk. • Also experience night terrors.

38. Night Terrors • Occur during late stage 4 sleep and are characterized by high arousal and an appearance of terror but are seldom remembered.

39. R.E.M. Sleep (Paradoxical Sleep) • After stage 4, your bodies cycles back to stage 3, stage 2, and into REM sleep. • A Normal Sleep cycle lasts about 90 minutes.

40. R.E.M. Sleep (Paradoxical Sleep) • R.E.M.: rapid eye movement sleep, stage where vivid dreams occur. Known as Paradoxical because muscles are relaxed yet body is highly active. • Heart rate increases, Breathing more rapid, eyes dart behind lids. • Genitals become aroused during R.E.M. sleep even when dreams are not sexual in nature. • As sleep cycle continues, R.E.M. sleep gets longer and longer.

41. Brain Waves and Stages of Sleep

42. So Why Do We Sleep? • Most ppl will sleep for 9 hours if they could • Sleep debt • Decrease in work productivity • Increase in auto accidents • Suppressed immune system • Alter metabolic and hormonal functioning • Decrease in performance and creativity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMS0M_KcsOE&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

43. Sleep Function • Theories: • 1. Sleep protects • 2. Helps us recuperate • 3. Might help us grow

44. Sleep Deprivation

45. Sleep Disorders • Insomnia: inability to fall asleep or stay asleep. • 10-15 % of adults • Sleeping pills and alcohol might make it worse • Less REM sleep

46. Sleep Disorders • Narcolepsy: a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks often at inopportune times. • Usually 5 minutes • 1 in 2000 ppl • R.E.M. sleep occurs at wrong time. Very little N.R.E.M. sleep goes directly to R.E.M. • Cause- lack of neurotransmitter hypocretin

47. Sleep Disorders • Sleep Apnea: sleep disorder characterized by a temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary awakenings. • Often complained about as “snoring.” • Often interrupts deep sleep stages leaving person feeling exhausted.

48. Tips for Sleeping • Relax before bed • Avoid caffeine • A glass of milk • Regular cycle • Exercise regularly,but not in the late evening

49. Mary and Julie have been attending dance practice every morning from 6am to 8:30 am and are trying to learn a new routine to compete successfully in a dance competition. Give an example of how each of the following could affect their practice and their upcoming performance. Definitions without application do not score.  1. Insomnia 2. Narcolepsy 3. Sleep Deprivation 4. Fantasy Prone Personality 5. Biological Rhythms

50. Warm Up – Get out HW and then answer the following question. Write question and answer • What is circadian rhythm? • Why do we need sleep? • List 2 things that happen in each of the following sleep stages: • Stage1 • Stage 2 • Stage 3 • Stage 4 • REM Sleep 4. What is the difference between Alpha and Delta waves? 5. What happens during REM sleep? 6. Why is REM sleep considered paradoxical sleep? 7. What is the difference between sleep apnea, insomnia and narcolepsy? 8. What is the difference between drug withdraw and drug tolerance? 9. List 2 Depressants. What do depressant do to the body 10. List 2 stimulants. What do stimulants do to the body 11. List 2 hallucinogens. What do hallucinogens do to the body 12. What do opiates do to your endorphin levels?