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Early Explorers: Motivations and Achievements of Brave Adventurers in History

This educational unit explores the early explorers who ventured across oceans in search of new worlds, wealth, and sea routes. Factors influencing their explorations include economic desires for spices and gold, political competition among European nations, and technological advances like the caravel and navigational tools. Key figures such as Leif Eriksson, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, and others are highlighted, showcasing their motivations, accomplishments, and impact on European expansion and colonization efforts.

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Early Explorers: Motivations and Achievements of Brave Adventurers in History

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  1. Early Explorers Explorers were brave and adventurous people, travelling the oceans in search of wealth, new worlds and new sea routes. A 4th Grade Unit

  2. Economic Factors Influencing Exploration • Europeans wanted to purchase spices, perfume, gold, and silk from Asia • The land route was taken over by the Turks and became a less profitable way of getting Asian goods • Traders were seeking a water route to Asia that would bring them more profits

  3. Political Factors Influencing Exploration • Competition between wealthy nation-states like England, Spain, and France over who would become the most wealthy and powerful • Kings and Queens had the wealthy necessary to hire explorers and pay for large expeditions

  4. Technological Advances Encouraging Exploration • The caravel, a ship with many sails that could sail into the wind • Compass, Astrolabe, use of stars for navigation • Portuguese Sailing School founded by Prince Henry the Navigator

  5. The Three G’s Glory: Explorers were concerned with becoming famous for their bravery and accomplishments Gold: Explorers were looking to bring wealth back to Europe. Wealth could be land, precious metals, or trade goods. God: Explorers and European countries were trying to spread Christianity to gain power over native people.

  6. Leif Eriksson • Timeline: 1,000 A.D. • Motivation: Eriksson was looking for more hunting and fishing area for his people. Also looking for more fertile land to grow crops. • Accomplishment: Settled in N. America for a short time but did not share this information with other Europeans. (Vinland)

  7. Christopher Columbus • Timeline: Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) was an Italian explorer who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492 • Motivation: Columbus was looking for a new and faster route to the east (Asia) by sailing west. • Accomplishment: Columbus discovered North and South America and claimed land and brought wealth to Spain. He did not find a route to Asia but succeeded in finding new lands.

  8. Ferdinand Magellan • Timeline: Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521) was a Portuguese explorer • Motivation: To sail around the world and claim lands for Spain. • Accomplishment: Magellan’s crew sailed around the world. However, he died on the voyage proving that the trip could be made but at great cost.

  9. John Cabot • Timeline: John Cabot (1450-1499) Italian-born English explorer and navigator • Motivation: Cabot was looking for a route to the East just like Columbus. He chose to look for a Northwest Passage • Accomplishment: Claimed the lands he discovered in Canada for England but never found a Northwest Passage

  10. Hernando de Soto • Timeline: Hernando De Soto (1500-1542) Spanish explorer • Motivation: To conquer and claim lands in N. American for Spain. Also in search of gold and wealth. • Accomplishment: Explored much of the southeastern United States and claimed the land for Spain. Never found gold.

  11. Robert LaSalle • Timeline: (1643-1687) French explorer • Motivation: LaSalle was a French explorer looking to claim land for France around the Mississippi River. • Accomplishment: LaSalle found the mouth of the Mississippi R. and claimed the land that is now Louisiana for France

  12. Henry Hudson • Timeline: Henry Hudson (1565-1611) was an English explorer and navigator • Motivation: Sailed for both the Dutch and the English. Explored parts of the Arctic Ocean and northeastern North America looking for a Northwest Passage. • Accomplishment: Hudson discovered the Hudson River, Hudson Strait, and Hudson Bay which are all named for him. He failed to find a Northwest Passage but claimed lands for the Dutch and English.

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