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Greece

Greece. Preview and Processing. Look a the photographs and see what you already know about Greece. Acropolis. Acropolis. Geography Landscape: mountainous Mt. Olympus “home of the gods” Trade difficult Hard to unite so had sm. Communities w/ ind. Gov’t Crops hard to grow Sm. Population

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Greece

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  1. Greece

  2. Preview and Processing • Look a the photographs and see what you already know about Greece.

  3. Acropolis

  4. Acropolis

  5. Geography Landscape: mountainous Mt. Olympus “home of the gods” Trade difficult Hard to unite so had sm. Communities w/ ind. Gov’t Crops hard to grow Sm. Population Grains, grapes, olives

  6. Life lived around the sea • Aegean, Ionian, Black and ______ • Trade • Communication • Climate • Mediterranean climate: moderate temps w/ rain in winter • Men spent time @ agora, gym political meetings, theater, civic & religious celebrations • Everyone in ea. C-S knew ea. other

  7. Story Time MINOANS KING MINOS KNOSSOS MINOTAUR ATHENS THESEUS ARIADNE

  8. Trojan war • Troy located in Asia Minor • Homer (Greek bard/poet) blind • Trojans kidnapped wife of a Greek king: Helen • Victory when Mycenaeans offered wooden horse: Trojan Horse • Heinrich Schliemann, 1871

  9. Helen of Troy

  10. Heinrich Schliemann

  11. Greek city states • C-S=polis (50 to 500 sq. miles) • All citizens were to discuss & participate in decision making on public issues • Male Greek adults (women, children, slaves, foreigner) • Meetings @ agora or Acropolis • Ideal polis w/ 5 to 10 thou. Men • Decisions not made by specific leader

  12. Evolution of Greek gov’t • Aristocracy: rule by sm. Group of noble families who made laws to suit themselves including slavery for debt

  13. Intro. of iron gave ordinary Greeks opportunity to buy weapons because it was cheaper than ______. • All citizens expected to serve • Foot soldiers=hoplite=phalanx • Phalanx=most powerful fighting machine in the world • Tyrants=worked to help sm. Farmers & artisans • Strong C-S emerged • i.e. Sparta & Athens

  14. Sparta • Located on Peloponnesus • Conquered Messenia • People treated as slaves • Helots & forced to work on land & never leave • 600 Messenians revolted & out #ed Sp. 8 to 1 but Sparta won • Fearful of revolt=Code of Lycurgus

  15. Lycurgus

  16. Code of Lycurgus (law giver of Sparta) • Babies inspected @ birth, if unhealthy they were left in the hills to die • Fit children w/ mom until age 7 then enter army • One light tunic • beds-=benches • Ate course black porridge • Expected to steal fr. Farms but whipped if caught • Age 20 men would marry but had to live on base/barracks for 10 more yrs. • After completing full time military service; remain on active duty for 30 more yrs.

  17. Girls were expected to manage estates; defend themselves; all same rts as men except the vote • Sp. Valued: duty, strength & discipline over beauty freedom and individuality

  18. Athens • Developed democracy: gov’t where all citizens participate • Reformers: Solon • Canceled debt: freed debtors • Encouraged grape/olive growth wh/ = trade • Every father to teach son a trade wh/ = industry • All of Solon’s reforms above deal w/ ____________.

  19. Male citizens could debate & vote • Any citizen could bring charges against anyone who did wrong (women included in this) • Reforms 4-5 deal w/ __________ reform. • Cleisthenes • Council of 500: chosen by lot so all cit. could eventually serve

  20. Story Time FIRST INVASION DARIUS IONIA MARATHON 6400 PERSIANS 192 ATHENIANS PHEIDIPPIDES “REJOICE WE CONQUER”

  21. Making the Connection What modern day Olympic event celebrates the bravery of Pheidippides?

  22. Philosophers • One who loves wisdom • World was put together in orderly fashion • People could understand w/ reason • Socrates: soldier & stonecutter • Socratic Method • ? All accepted values of A. • 399 BCE @ 70 accused of corrupting the minds of A. youth • 501 jurors • hemlock

  23. Plato: 28 when Socrates died • Academy • The Republic • Farmers & artisan ( commoners) • Warriors (gifted mind & body) • Ruling class (greatest insight & intellect=philosopher king: man or a woman)

  24. Aristotle: pupil of Plate (20) • Syllogism: set of logical statements • All people are mortal • Socrates was a person • Therefore Socrates was mortal • Rational / scientific thought

  25. Alexander the Great (taught by Aristotle) • King of Macedon • 20: 336 BCE • Persians • 40,000 Persian solders • Companions (cavalry) • Defeated Darius III: Asia Minor • Peace agreement: refused by Alex • All of Persian Empire

  26. 330 BCE went after Darius III again; had been assassinated • Fought 7 yrs. 11,000 miles • Fever & died 323 BCE @ 32

  27. Ahonen need to know • Alex become king when: his dad divorced his mom Olympias and marred a daughter of high racking nobleman • Alex's’ rts in trouble; wife II had a son • @ festival to celebrate daughter’s wedding a former guardsman stabbed Philip • w/ support of army Alex = king

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