1. Generating & Testing Hypotheses 23% Effect

2. Systems Analysis – Predict what would happen if part of a system changed Systems Analysis Design a Satellite Virtual Pond Habitats Photos by John Hamilton

3. Problem Solving: Evaluate various approaches to solving a problem Problem-Solving Animal Challenges Virus Hunt My Life as an Elk Photos by John Hamilton

4. Historical Investigation: Create reasonable scenarios for past events for which there is no general agreement. Historical Investigations Sod Houses in North Dakota – early 1900s Photos from Library of Congress

5. Historical Investigation Historical Investigations Sod Houses in Nebraska – 1886-1888 Photos from Library of Congress

6. Invention Invention: Create a new solution to an old problem. Line Rider Texas, 1943 www.loc.gov Inventive Play Amusement Park Design Denver, 1918 Photo by John Hamilton

7. Experimental Inquiry: Use the scientific method to answer a question. Experimental Inquiry Hair Detective Dectective, Chicago, 1929 www.loc.gov Electric Light Show, Chicago, 1911 www.loc.gov Electricity Horned Owl, Horydczak, photographer, 1920 www.loc.gov Owl Pellet Dissection

8. Decision Making: Use a structured decision-making framework to measure the results of hypotheses tests. Decision Making Does It Belong? Efficient Errands Boy did errands to earn money for his bike, Washington, 1939 Insect Hunt Classroom, Georgia, 1941 Photos from www.loc.gov