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Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks. Uluru, Australia. Grand Canyon, Arizona. White Cliffs of Dover, England. Pyramids of Giza in Eqypt. JMU Bluestone. Sedimentary Rock Examples. Shale made from small sediments, clay and silt. Conglomerate made from large sediments, pebbles.

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Sedimentary Rocks

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  1. Sedimentary Rocks Uluru, Australia

  2. Grand Canyon, Arizona

  3. White Cliffs of Dover, England

  4. Pyramids of Giza in Eqypt

  5. JMU Bluestone

  6. Sedimentary Rock Examples Shale made from small sediments, clay and silt Conglomerate made from large sediments, pebbles Sandstone made from medium sediment, sand

  7. Sedimentary Rock Examples Limestonefound in Harrisonburg, used for buildings, contains calcite, dissolves in acid =caves Bituminous Coal, fossil fuel burned for energy, organic

  8. Sedimentary Rock Composition • Sediments (anything that settles out of water) • Fragments of other rocks • Plant and animal remains • Minerals that settle out of solution. (Some minerals can dissolve in water or acids, when the acid or water is gone, the minerals are left behind to form rocks.) Grand Canyon, Arizona

  9. Sedimentary Rock Formation 1) Clastic Rock • Formed from fragments of other rock • Compacted (pressed together) and cemented (“glued”) together over time • Minerals are the “glue” that cement clastic sedimentary rocks • Categorized by grain size • Clay (Smallest Grain Size) • Silt • Sand • Gravel • Pebble (Largest Grain Size)

  10. Sedimentary Rocks Examples of Clastic Rocks: Shale • Sandstone • Conglomerate

  11. Sedimentary Rock Formation 2)Chemical Rock precipitate out of solution • Limestone • Rock salt • Rock gypsum 3) Organic Rock Plant & animal remains • Limestone • Chalk • Coal

  12. Sedimentary Rock Features 1) Stratification • Layers of different sediment • Most common Sedimentary rock feature Youngest layer is at the top Oldest layer is on the bottom

  13. Sedimentary Rock Features 2) Fossils • Evidence of living things • Organisms get buried in the layers of sediment • 3 types: Trace, imprint, replacement

  14. Fossils

  15. Aquatic (water) organisms are the most common type of fossil

  16. Sedimentary Rock Features 3) Ripple marks • Water or wind action in sand preserved in sandstone • Can be seen on the surface of a bedding plane

  17. Ripple Marks in Sand Ripple Marks in Sandstone

  18. Sedimentary Rock Features 4) Mud cracks • Form as mud dries and gets preserved as a rock Mud Cracks

  19. 5) Geode Spheres of silica rock crystals contained within limestone rock.

  20. SEDIMENTARY ROCK • CLASTIC • Rock fragments • Compacted and cemented together • Grain size • Silt • Clay • Sand • Gravel

  21. SEDIMENTARY ROCK • CHEMICAL • Minerals precipitate out of solution • Examples: • Limestone • Rock salt • Rock gypsum

  22. SEDIMENTARY ROCK • ORGANIC • Plant and animal remains • Examples include: • Bituminous coal • Limestone • Chalk

  23. SEDIMENTARY ROCK • SEDIMENTARY FEATURES: • Stratification (layers) • Fossils • Ripple marks • Mud cracks • Geodes

  24. Sedimentary Rock Lab • Set up your field notebook (Include TITLE) • Rotate independently between the 16 stations set up around the room • Start with whichever station number you are located • Round 1: You will have 1 minute at each station • Do not switch to the next station until told to do so • Round 2: You may go back to any unoccupied station, if needed

  25. Stratification

  26. Stratification Sedimentary Rocks

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