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The Cold War and Postwar Changes: Yalta, Marshall Plan, Arms Race, Berlin Wall, and Civil Rights Movement

Learn about the beginnings of the Cold War, the Yalta Conference, the Marshall Plan, the Arms Race, the construction of the Berlin Wall, and the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.

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The Cold War and Postwar Changes: Yalta, Marshall Plan, Arms Race, Berlin Wall, and Civil Rights Movement

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  1. Vocabulary • Chapter 27 • Satellite State • Policy of Containment • Arms Race • Domino Theory • De-Stalinization • Heavy Industry

  2. The Cold War and Postwar Changes Chapter 27

  3. Development of the Cold War Section 1

  4. The Cold War Begins • Yalta Conference – Feb 1945 • Creation of the United Nations • Germany divided into four zones occupied by US, UK, USSR, and France • Free elections in liberated nations • Potsdam Conference – July 1945 • Stalin refused to allow democratic elections in Eastern Europe

  5. “The Iron Curtain” • Europe becomes divided • Capitalism vs. communism. • Churchill declares “an iron curtain” was crossing “the continent” • Stalin views remark as provoking war • Soviet and western relationships would be hostile until the 1980s.

  6. Post War Fear • The Truman Doctrine • 1947 – US would provide aid to democratic governments threatened by Communism

  7. The Marshall Plan • General George C. Marshall, Secretary of State • Economic depressed post war economies caused WWII • Economically depressed nations would fall to Communism • $13 billion to rebuild Europe • Policy of Containment

  8. New Alliances • NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 1955 • Western Allies • Warsaw Pact, 1955 • Soviet satellites and allies

  9. Arms Race • Nuclear armament build ups • Further development of atomic bomb • Space race • Sputnik I, 1957

  10. A Divided Germany • Four sectors • US, France, UK and USSR • American, French and British sectors unified into Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) • Soviet sector becomes German Democratic Republic (East Germany)

  11. The Berlin Wall • West Berlin was an isolated region of capitalist and democratic prosperity • 1961, East German government constructs wall to keep East Germans from migrating in masses • Patrols • Machine guns • Dog squads

  12. German Re-Unification • Mass demonstrations and riots break out in East Berlin in 1989 • Forced opening of West German border in Berlin • Wall begins to fall Nov 9, 1989 • Germany reunifies in 1990

  13. Map • Map is two sided (East and West) • Outline (all) NATO members (Color) • Outline Warsaw pact members (Color) • Outline Nonmember nations (Color) • Label the countries on the map • You must have a key and your name on the map! • Use pg. 852 to help you!

  14. The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Section 2

  15. Post War Recovery • Rapid industrialization • Heavy industry • Three times more industrial goods than consumer • all literature and culture must be state approved • All scientific experimentation controlled by government.

  16. The Khrushchev Era • Stalin dies in 1953 • New General Secretary – Nikita Khrushchev • De-Stalinization - Vocab • Loosened government control on industry • Ended purges and imprisonments • More emphasis on consumer goods; agriculture • Cuban Missile Crisis • Placed Soviet missiles on Cuba soil

  17. Resistance and Revolts in the Satellites • By 1947, all of Eastern Europe (except Albania, Yugoslavia, and Greece) were under Soviet dominance. • After Stalin’s death, many of the satellite states tried to assert their independence.

  18. Western Europe and North America Section 3

  19. France • Charles deGaulle • Investment in nuclear armaments for power • Economic growth faster than United States in the 50s.

  20. The U.K. • The economic hardship of post WWII UK marked the end of the era of the British Empire. • Colonial possessions begin to disintegrate • Socialized healthcare and industry • Welfare state

  21. The United States – 1950s • Economic Boom in the 1950s - Consumerism • Climate of fear • Nuclear hostilities • The Red Scare • Senator Joseph McCarthy and the House Committee on Un-American Activities

  22. Vietnam • 1964 – American troops sent to Vietnam to Keep the communist regime of North Vietnam from invading South Vietnam • “The Domino Theory”

  23. Social Upheaval • Social Upheaval of the 1960/70s • The Civil Rights Movement • Anti-Vietnam sentiment • Kent State • Women’s Rights

  24. The Civil Rights Movement • Segregation in the American South • Jim Crow laws • Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott • Martin Luther King, Jr. • March on Washington • “I Have A Dream” • Civil Rights Act of 1964

  25. March on Washington Pg. 869 #1-3 I am collecting this http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm

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