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Introduction to Chordates and Vertebrates: Key Characteristics and Classifications

This week, we are diving into the world of chordates and vertebrates, exploring their defining characteristics, classifications, and unique traits. All chordates possess four fundamental features at some stage in life: a notochord, a nerve cord, gill slits, and a tail. We will examine the seven vertebrate classes, from jawless fish to mammals, highlighting their evolutionary history and adaptations. Remember to submit all hours due today and prepare for the upcoming vertebrate quiz on Tuesday. For detailed resources, check the Vertebrate Classes document on WBP and the Shared drive.

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Introduction to Chordates and Vertebrates: Key Characteristics and Classifications

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  1. Reminders • Turn in HOURS HOURS are due TODAY • Insect test retakes this week only! • Grade worksheets in a few minutes • Next week is Shark week, this week is an introduction to all chordates/vertebrates.

  2. The Vertebrate Animals

  3. All Vertebrates are ChordatesPhylum chordata! • Chordates ALL have 4 characteristics sometime during their lives • a notochord • nerve cord • gill slits • a tail

  4. The non-vertebrate chordates - Tunicates

  5. Amphioxus

  6. About the Amphioxus song

  7. 99% of chordates are vertebrates - Characteristics of Vertebrates • Bilateral Symmetry with 2 pairs of appendages, • cephalization (sense organs concentrated in a head region) • True body cavity • closed circulatory system. • Endoskeleton including a vertebral column • Well developed body systems.

  8. Comparative Numbers of Species

  9. Classes of Vertebrates • Jawless fish • Cartilaginous Fishes • Bony Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals

  10. Jawless Fish • Primitive, no paired fins • no bone, all cartilage • Lamprey – a parasite • Hagfish – scavenger, also called slime eel.

  11. Jawless Fish

  12. Cartilage Fish • Sharks, skates, rays • 750 species • Ventral mouth • Spiral valve increases surface area • Massive liver (up to half body weight) • skin with tooth-like scales

  13. Cartilage Fish

  14. Bony Fish • 20-30,000 species • Appeared 400 million years ago • Cold blooded, flat scales, swim bladder • gills and gill cover • Most lay eggs • eyes usually on the side of the head

  15. Bony Fish

  16. Amphibians • 2000 species, appeared 350 million years ago. • Cold-blooded, moist skin, lungs, no claws • Lay jellylike eggs • Life cycle includes a larval stage • 90% are frogs and toads

  17. Amphibians

  18. Reptiles • 6500 species, appeared 300 million years ago. • Cold-blooded, hard shelled eggs, internal fertilization • Body covered with scales. • Include crocodilians, lizards and snakes, turtles and the tuatara

  19. Reptiles

  20. Birds • 8600 species, appeared 130 million years ago. • Warm blooded, 4 chambered heart • Feathered dinosaurs • Feathers, crop, oil glands, hollow bones, fused skeleton---all adaptations for flight.

  21. Birds

  22. Mammals • First appeared 180 million years ago • 4500 species, most are placental. • 2 primitive orders; monotremes and marsupials • Diaphragm, hair, mammary glands, lips, different kinds of teeth, external ears.

  23. Mammals

  24. Vert./Chordate Quiz Tuesday!!! For more information 7 Vertebrate Classes.doc On WBP and Shared drive

  25. The Vertebrate Animals

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