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Wars of the Cold War: China Korea Vietnam

Wars of the Cold War: China Korea Vietnam. China (Civil War) - Roots. 1912 - China becomes a republic under Sun Yat-sen. Dictatorship replaces the republican government Sun Yat-sen forms the Guomingdang (Nationalist) Party 1928 - Chiang Kai-shek leads the Nationalists to power.

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Wars of the Cold War: China Korea Vietnam

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  1. Wars of the Cold War: China KoreaVietnam

  2. China (Civil War) - Roots • 1912 - China becomes a republic under Sun Yat-sen. • Dictatorship replaces the republican government • Sun Yat-sen forms the Guomingdang (Nationalist) Party • 1928 - Chiang Kai-shek leads the Nationalists to power

  3. Chinese Civil War • Chiang Kai-shek – does not improve the living conditions of the peasants. • Communists – supported by peasants • Mao Zedong forms Red Army to fight against the Nationalist government

  4. Chinese Civil War • Chiang surrounds the Red Army. • The Long March – Red Army under Mao breaks free and retreats. Started with 100,000 men and ends with only 8,000 left. • 1939 - Communist and Nationalist join forces to fight against Japanese invasion.

  5. Chinese Civil War • After WWII – Civil War continues • 1949 – Mao’s Communist forces defeat Chiang’s Nationalist forces • Chiang/Nationalists retreat to the island of Taiwan off the coast of China. • Mao/Communists in charge of mainland China • Separation of China still exists today. Continuing source of conflict.

  6. Korean War - Roots • Japanese territory from 1910 – 1945 • Allied Powers agreed to occupy Korea until free elections could be held

  7. Korean War • June 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea • UN responds by sending forces • USSR not involved • US sends 90% of the troops

  8. Korean War • General Douglas MacArthur forces North Korean army north of the 38th Parallel

  9. Korea - Divided 38th Parallel

  10. Korean War • MacArthur advances north. • Communist China sends in troops, forcing the UN (US) back to the 38th Parallel. • Stalemate – from 1951-1953 • 1953 – Truce is signed • 5 million have died (US - 33,629)

  11. Executive Order Executive Order 9981 ~ Issued by President Truman, July 26, 1948

  12. Vietnam War

  13. Vietnam - Roots • Under French rule, then Japanese, then French • France and the Vietminh (Vietnamese Communist Party) go to war after WWII • USSR backs Vietminh • US backs French

  14. Vietnam - Divided North (communist) vs. South (“democratic”)

  15. Vietnam - Divided • South Vietnam – led by Diem, an unpopular leader • South Vietnamese army assassinates Diem, with the quiet approval of Kennedy (US)

  16. Vietnam - Divided • North Vietnam – led by communist leader Ho Chi Minh • Fights to free Vietnam from French, then US – hope to establish communism with support of China / USSR

  17. Vietnam – the Quagmire • “I predict you will sink step by step into a bottomless quagmire.” – de Gaulle

  18. Vietnam War • Domino Theory • 1964 – War begins • 1965 – the first Ground Troops are sent • 1968 – more than ½ Million US Troops

  19. Vietnam War • 1968 – the Tet Offensive: • Viet Cong (N. Vietnam) military offensive • US opposition to the war grows • War will officially end in 1975, after 1 ½ year cease-fire

  20. Vietnam War • Losses: • 2 million dead • 10 million refugees • 58,000 American soldiers

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