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The Cell Cycle

Explore the phases of the cell cycle - Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis. Learn about the stages within each phase and the significance of cell division for growth and tissue repair. Discover the process in detail and implications of uncontrolled cell division in cancer development.

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The Cell Cycle

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The Cell Cycle How cells divide to make new cells

  2. Just like people have phases of development,

  3. Cells have phases too.

  4. In somatic (body) cells, a parent cell produces 2 daughter cells.The purpose of cell division is for growth and repair of tissue.

  5. Three Phases or Stages Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis

  6. Interphase

  7. Interphase • DNA and organelles replicate • Cell spends most of its life in this stage

  8. Stages of Interphase G1 (growth) normal activities – endo & exo S (synthesis) genetic material is duplicated so each daughter cell contains the same amount of genetic material as the parent cell G2 (growth) preparing for cell division

  9. Mitosis • Nucleus divides • Duplicated DNA is divided into two new nuclei

  10. Stages of Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

  11. Prophase

  12. Prophase • Nuclear membrane breaks down • Genetic material (chromatin) condenses • Centrioles migrate to opposite ends of poles (in animal cells) • Microtubules (spindle fibers) attach to centrioles

  13. Prophase

  14. Metaphase

  15. Metaphase • Duplicated chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell • Microtubules (spindle fibers) attach to centromere at kinetochore

  16. Metaphase

  17. Anaphase

  18. Anaphase • Duplicated chromosomes (also called sister chromotids) separate • 1 of each pair are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell

  19. Anaphase

  20. Telophase

  21. Telophase • New nuclear membranes form to separate the genetic material • Cleavage furrow in animal cells • Cell plate in plant cells

  22. Telophase

  23. Mitosis

  24. Cytokinesis

  25. Cytokinesis • Occurs AFTER telophase and BEFORE interphase • Cytoplasm divides

  26. Cytokinesis

  27. Mitosis Animation

  28. What happens when cells divide at an uncontrollable rate? CANCER

  29. Causes of Cancer • Tobacco • Radiation exposure • Viral infections (HPV) • Genetics

  30. Cancer Animation

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