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The Cuban Revolution: Key Players and Political Dynamics

This study delves into the significance of the Cuban Revolution within the larger context of Latin American revolutionary movements. It explores the roles of prominent figures, particularly Gerardo Machado and Fulgencio Batista, in shaping Cuba's political landscape. The objectives include constructing effective outlines for research, examining early 20th-century Cuban conflicts, and understanding the revolutionary fervor that led to profound changes in governance and society. Students are encouraged to analyze how public art, such as muralism, reflected and influenced political ideologies.

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The Cuban Revolution: Key Players and Political Dynamics

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  1. Latin American studies Unit 6: cuban revolution April 25, 2011

  2. Blackboard configuration • Do Now: Write a sentence or two explaining why your research topic is significant in the revolutionary context of Latin America. • Objectives: • Todiscussdifferentways to construct outlines • To review the Cuban wars in the early 20th century • To understand Machado and Battista as key players in the set up to the Cuban Revolution • Homework: • Bring in Back on the Road to class tomorrow • Outline due Wednesday

  3. Outline for research project • Should be constructed around proving your overall idea • Tool for organization

  4. example • Topic for project: Muralism in Mexico • Thesis: Murals provided a format for integrating politics into culture so that more people would support the new government. • Evidence paragraphs: • Diego Rivera • Specific mural or information that would connect back to my main idea • Jose Clemente Orozco • Murals in the church of the orphanage • Main themes • David Alfaro Siqueiros • Writing on how to create a mural

  5. Another example • Topic for project: Muralism in Mexico • Thesis: Murals provided a format for integrating politics into culture so that more people would support the new government. • Evidence paragraphs: • What is a mural? • Large piece of art with a public message • Quote from Siqueiros’ text • Major themes of murals • Revolution • Development of indigenous population • Reference a specific mural (include picture!) • State sponsorship of muralists • Vasconcelos and the Secretariat of Public Education

  6. Lesson 2: Machado and battista Cuban revolution

  7. Pop quiz! • You may use your notes from last class in order to answer the following questions: • What prompted the United States to join the war in Cuba in 1898 against Spain? • What kind of government was set up in Cuba once they gained independence in 1898? • What was the main product of the Cuban economy? • WhatwasthePlattAmendment? • Who was Tomas Estrada Palma? Why was he important?

  8. New leaders, new government • 1898-1902: Occupation forces of General John Brooke and General Leonard Wood • 1902: Tomas Estrada Palma elected first president of Cuba • Reelected in 1906 • 1903: Platt Amendment • 1906: US named William H. Taft governor of Cuba • 2nd military occupation

  9. Cuban history: a series of ambassadors and leaders • Fraudulent election of 1906  US intervention • William H. Taft appointed interim governor in September 1906 • 2,000 marines to Havana • Charles Magoon appointed new governor

  10. 1909: new president • Jose Miguel Gomez entered office • Cuban government controlled by strict interpretation of Platt amendment • 1912: “Colored revolt” • Organization of Independent Colored Party

  11. 1913: new president • Mario Garcia Mencal • Reelected in 1917  brief American intervention • Rebellion (result of 1906) • Why did that intervention not last?

  12. 1921: Alfredo Zayas • It took 2 elections to elect Zayas • “The dance of the millions” • Loan from J.P. Morgan & Co. • Achievement by the time he left office?

  13. 1924: Machado • “All for Cuba, and Cuba for All” • Promised to revise Platt amendment • What did he do in office? • Extended term of leader • Elected again for a longer term • Approval of US • Repression of lower classes

  14. Gerardo machado

  15. Gerardo machado • Growth of leftist party during his leadership • Corruption! • Appointment of Sumner Welles by Roosevelt as ambassador • Anti-Machado

  16. Revolt of the sergeants • Events leading up to Machado’s resignation in 1933 • Beginning of Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar’s unofficial and official control of Cuba • 40 months, 7 presidents • Ramon Grau San Martin—4 months as leader • “pseudo revolution” • Spark for 1959

  17. Fulgenciobatista • Tagline: “He got past • democracy’s sentries”

  18. Fulgenciobatista • Institutionalized the military into his presidency • Behind the scenes 1934-40 • Constitutional president 1940-44 • Behind the scenes 1944-52 • 1952 coup  Batista resumed power as a dictator

  19. homework • Outline of paper due Wednesday

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