Understanding Lipids: Structure, Function, and Types
Lipids are essential biomolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, primarily functioning as energy storage and insulation. They yield 9 calories per gram, compared to 4 calories for carbohydrates. Unlike other macromolecules, lipids do not have a monomer. This guide explores the structures and functions of four lipid types: saturated and unsaturated fats, waxes, steroids, and phospholipids. Each type plays a crucial role in biological functions, from waterproofing and insulation to forming cell membranes.
Understanding Lipids: Structure, Function, and Types
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Presentation Transcript
Lipids Fats, Oils, Etc.
Made up of… • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen
Function • Energy Storage and Insulation • 9 calories per gram versus 4 calories per gram for carbohydrates
No MONOMER!! (Gasp!) • Because the structure of every lipid is so different, we cannot label a “monomer” • We will discuss the structure of four types of lipids. You will be responsible of knowing the structure AND function of each!
Put together by none other than…. Dehydration synthesis Structure of Fats… • One Glycerol molecule • Three Fatty Acid chains
1) Fats and Oils ~ Saturated Fats: solids at room temperature contain LOTS of Hydrogen ~Unsaturated Fats: liquids at room temperature contain LESS Hydrogen
2) Waxes ~ used for waterproofing and insulation ~ ex: bird feathers, ear wax ~ composed of a fatty acid attached to an alcohol
3) Steroids ~made of Carbon Rings ~ex: Cholesterol, Vitamin D, hormones
4) Phospholipids ~make up the membranes that surround your cells ~Composed of a glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group.