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French Revolution

French Revolution. Chapter 18. Estates. Total population = 27 million 3 Estates 1 st Estate – Clergy (130,000) 2 nd Estate – Nobles (35,000) 3 rd Estate – Everyone else (26.8 million) Only Estate that pays taille. Financial Crisis. Financial Collapse – 1789

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French Revolution

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  1. French Revolution Chapter 18

  2. Estates • Total population = 27 million • 3 Estates • 1st Estate – Clergy (130,000) • 2nd Estate – Nobles (35,000) • 3rd Estate – Everyone else (26.8 million) • Only Estate that pays taille

  3. Financial Crisis • Financial Collapse – 1789 • Due to spending on wars and Kings’ luxury • Estates-General meet • 1200 representatives of Estates • 1st – 300 reps • 2nd – 300 reps • 3rd – 600 reps • Each estate gets 1 vote • 1st and 2nd historically outvote 3rd 2-1

  4. National Assembly • 3rd Estate reps declares itself a National Assembly • Says it will write new constitution • Locked out of meeting place • Meets at nearby tennis courts • Tennis Court Oath – promise to write constitution

  5. Chaos • 900 Parisians attack Bastille – armory/prison • King loses authority • Revolts all over France • National Assembly passes Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen • Outlines liberties of citizens • Influence by Enlightenment

  6. New Government • Louis XVI concedes to National Assembly • Constitution of 1791 • Limited Monarchy • Still a king, but Legislative Assembly makes laws • Active citizens have new rights and can vote • Passive citizens have new rights, but can’t vote • Clergy and govt. officials are elected • Local govts. in charge of taxing

  7. Continued Chaos • Violence and chaos in Paris – 1792 • Food shortages • Legislative Assembly calls for National Convention • Establishes a French Republic • Very radical • King and Queen beheaded • France is attacked by foreign nations • “Reign of Terror” • Hunt down and kill enemies of state • Both domestic and foreign threats • Over 40,000 killed • Huge French army pushes out invaders

  8. Napoleon • Military hero • Rose through ranks quickly • Takes part in coup d’etat of govt. • Becomes consul with absolute power

  9. Emperor Napoleon • Proclaimed emperor – 1804 • Makes peace with Church • Establishes Napoleonic Code • Preserves some revolution principles • Napoleon is a despot , shuts down newspapers, enforces censorship

  10. Grand Empire • France, Allied States and Dependent States • Unable to conquer Great Britain • Empire weakens • Nationalism in other states • Invades Russia – 1812 • Disaster, army wiped out • France attacked while weak – 1814 • Napoleon exiled to Elba • Returns from exile, raises army • Defeated at Waterloo – 1815 • Exiled to St. Helena

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