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Sensory Memory

Information Processing Model. Metacognition. rehearsal. rehearsal. attention. perception. Env. Stim. Long-term Memory. Sensory Memory. encoding. Working Memory. retrieval. Forgotten (perhaps recoverable). Decay (lost). Forgotten (lost). Response. Perception.

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Sensory Memory

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  1. Information Processing Model Metacognition rehearsal rehearsal attention perception Env. Stim. Long-term Memory Sensory Memory encoding Working Memory retrieval Forgotten (perhaps recoverable) Decay (lost) Forgotten (lost) Response

  2. Perception • The set of psychological processes by which people recognize, organize, synthesize, and give meaning to the sensations received from environmental stimuli • Strongly influenced by ________________ ________________

  3. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception • __________________ • When perceiving a visual field, some objects (figures) seem prominent, and other aspects recede (ground)

  4. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception • __________________ • When we perceive an assortment of objects, we tend to see objects that are close to each other as forming a group

  5. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception (cont.) • __________________ • We tend to group objects on the basis of their similarity to each other

  6. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception (cont.) • __________________ • We tend to perceive smoothly flowing or continuous forms rather than disrupted or discontinuous ones

  7. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception (cont.) • __________________ • We tend to perceptually close up, or complete, objects that are not, in fact, complete

  8. Gestalt Principles of Visual Perception (cont.) • __________________ • We tend to perceive objects as forming mirror images about their center

  9. Implications for Teachers • Check perceptions by _________________ • about _________________________________ • about _________________________________ • about _________________________________

  10. Attention • Conscious or unconscious? • Volitional or not? • The means by which we actively process a limited amount of information from the large amount of information available through our senses, stored memories, and other cognitive processes • Stroop effect

  11. Attention (cont.) • Process of focusing on a stimulus or on stimuli • Severe bottleneck • Keys are ____________________________ • _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  12. Working Memory • aka short-term memory (STM) • Transfer from sensory memory to working- memory is governed by attention

  13. Working Memory ______________________ ____________________ _______________________

  14. Characteristics of WM • Duration (trace life) • Capacity (for storage) • Nature of the code

  15. Capacity • Limited: ________________ (Miller, 1956) • Ways around limitations: • ____________________ • ____________________

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