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Weather and Science Final Exam Review Guide

Prepare for your final exam with this comprehensive study guide covering weather phenomena, atmospheric science, astronomy, and more. Review key concepts and ace your test!

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Weather and Science Final Exam Review Guide

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  1. OBJECTIVE: Review for Final • FINISH YOUR STUDY GUIDE!!!!

  2. Final Exam Study Guide

  3. 1. How do thunderstorms form? • Warm moist air rises forcefully • Water vapor condenses providing energy for the storm • Updrafts and downdrafts maintain storms energy • Storm dissipates when it runs out of energy

  4. 2. Where do they form? • Along cold fronts

  5. 3. How is lightning created? • Electrical discharge between two oppositely charged surfaces.

  6. 4. Where can lightning travel? • From one part of the cloud to another part • From one cloud to another cloud • From cloud to ground

  7. 5. What is thunder? • Rapidly expanding and contracting air from the lightning bolt creates sound waves

  8. 6. What kinds of clouds produce tornadoes? • Cumulonimbus clouds

  9. 7. What is a supercell? • Powerful thunderstorm that can produce tornadoes

  10. 8. How do tornadoes form? • Warm and cold air meet and rotates horizontally • Updrafts push column of air vertical • Rotating air descends it picks up dirt and debris

  11. 9. What is a hurricane? How do they form? • Massive tropical cyclone that forms over warm waters, with extremely strong winds and rain • Water vapor evaporating and then condensing within the storm gives it energy • As clusters of thunderstorms strengthen, they begin to rotate

  12. 10. Where do each of these tropical cyclone form? • Cyclone • Hurricane • Typhoon • Indian Ocean • Atlantic Ocean • Pacific Ocean

  13. 11. What is the rainband of hurricane? • Region of heavy thunderstorms beyond the eyewall that spiral outward from the center of a hurricane

  14. 12. What is the Coriolis Effect? • Spiraling of winds due to the Earth’s rotation

  15. 13. What is the eye of the hurricane? And what is the pressure there (high or low)? • Circular region located at the center of a hurricane • Warm air is rising, creating a low pressure zone • Surrounded by the eyewall which is the most destructive part of a hurricane.

  16. 14. What is global warming? • A gradual increase in average global temperature • Due to: • Burning of fossil fuels • Extra heat in the atmosphere • Greenhouse Effect trapping more heat than normal • Normally a natural process, but humans are speeding it up, thus making it worse.

  17. 15. What are the two gases that make up most of our atmosphere? • Nitrogen • Oxygen

  18. 16. What is wind? • Movement of air from high to low pressure

  19. 17. What are the three phases of matter? Describe each phase. • Solid • particles are barely moving • Substances hold their own shape and do not flow • Liquid • particles are moving slowly • Substances take on the shape of their container and flow • Gas • Particles are moving quickly • Substance fills the shape of it’s container and flows

  20. 18. What is the Fujita Scale? • Measures the intensity of a tornado • F0 – F5

  21. 19. Where is Tornado Alley located? • American Midwest • Great Plains

  22. 20. What can destroy/diminish a hurricane? • Wind shear • Cold water • Land • Saharan Air Layer

  23. 21. What is a front? • The boundary between air masses

  24. 22. Describe the weather at each of these fronts: • Cold front • Warm front • Stationary front • Occluded front • Severe thunderstorms • Drizzly weather • Many cloudy and rainy days • Cool temp. & a lot of rain

  25. 23. Describe each layer of the atmosphere: • Troposphere • Stratosphere • Mesosphere • Thermosphere • All weather happens here • Ozone layer • Meteor’s burn up • Hottest but you would feel cold/ satellites fly here

  26. 24. Describe each type of air mass: • Maritime polar • Maritime tropical • Continental polar • Continental tropical • Moist, cold • Moist, warm • Dry, cold • Dry, warm

  27. 25. What is the water cycle? What powers it? • Continuous movement of water within Earth’s atmosphere, land, and oceans/lakes • Sun

  28. 26. Create a flow map of the water cycle. Cloud / Condensation Precipitation Evaporation Runoff Ocean/Lake Infiltration / Percolation

  29. 27. What happens to water content as warm rises? As it cools? • Warm air rises and becomes cooler, it loses the ability to hold water • Cool air sinks and becomes warmer, it gains the ability to hold water

  30. 28. What is the Greenhouse Effect? • Greenhouse gases trap heat and keep the Earth warm

  31. 29. What causes the seasons? • Tilt of the Earth’s axis

  32. 30. Why type of star is the hottest (blue or red)? • blue

  33. 31. What could happen when a star dies? • White Dwarf • Supernova • Neutron star • Pulsar • Black hole

  34. 32. How are craters formed on the Moon? • Asteroid/meteoroid impacts

  35. 33. List the contributions of each of these astronomers: • Ptolemy • Copernicus • Tycho Brahe • Johannes Kepler • Galileo Galilie • Isaac Newton • Edwin Hubble • Geocentric universe • Heliocentric universe • Made large, detailed instruments • Used Brahe’s work to prove heliocentric universe • Used telescope • Law of gravity • Discovered many other galaxies / universe bigger than imagined

  36. 34. How many stars are in our solar system? • 1 – OUR SUN!!!

  37. 35. What type of star is our Sun? • Main-sequence Star

  38. 36. What are sunspots? • Cooler, darker areas of the Sun

  39. 37. What is astronomy? • The study of the universe

  40. 38. What is the difference between a refracting and reflecting telescope? Which one is more accurate? • Refracting telescope • Lenses bend light to eyepiece • Negatives: • Cannot make them too big • Do not focus perfectly • Reflecting telescope • mirrors bounce light to eyepiece • More accurate

  41. 39. Describe each part of the electromagnetic spectrum: • Radio waves • Microwaves • Infrared • Visible light • Ultraviolet light • X-rays • Gamma rays • Radios use them • Microwaves use them • Heat energy • Energy we see / colors • Gives you a suntan/sunburn • High energy that cannot go through solids • Incredibly high energy

  42. 40. List facts for each planet: • Mercury • Venus • Earth • Mars • Jupiter • Saturn • Uranus • Neptune • Smallest planet • Year is longer than a day • Only one with life • Largest volcano • Largest planet • Has visible rings around it • Diamonds possibly in the core • Sonic speed winds

  43. 41. What is a solar eclipse? Lunar eclipse? • Solar eclipse - When the Moon comes in between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow on the Earth • Lunar eclipse - When the Moon gets covered by the Earth’s shadow

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