Chapter 3:

1. Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn

2. Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Chapter 3 has four modules: Module 3.1 From Conception to Birth Module 3.2 Influences on Prenatal Development Module 3.3 Happy Birthday! Module 3.4 The Newborn

3. From Conception to Birth

5. Key terms: Ovulation; fertilization, implantation, fallopian tube; zygote, blastocyst; germ disc Characteristics: 2 weeks duration; rapid division Let’s look at the next slide to view this period more closely. Period of the Zygote

6. Period of the Zygote

7. Key terms: Embryo Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm Amnion and amniotic fluid Umbilical cord Placenta Villi Characteristics: Third to eighth weeks of prenatal development Differentiation of organs and organ systems occurs Period of the Embryo

8. Prenatal Structures

9. Key Terms: Cerebral cortex Vernix Age of viability Characteristics: From 9 weeks after conception to birth Increase in size Systems begin to function Period of the Fetus

10. Fetal Behavior: Fetal movement Behavioral maturity of sense Changes during prenatal development Period of the Fetus

11. Regular check-ups Healthy foods No alcohol or caffeinated beverages Exercise Adequate diet Five Steps Toward a Healthy Baby

12. Influences on Prenatal Development

14. Nutrition Chronic stress Mother’s age General Risk Factors

15. Teratogen: agent that causes abnormal prenatal development Diseases passing through placenta directly or attacking at birth (Table 3-1) Potentially dangerous drugs (Table 3-2) Environmental hazards (Table 3-3) Teratogens: Diseases, Drugs, and Environmental Hazards

16. Is cell phone usage a potential teratogen for pregnant women? Did you hear that?

17. How Teratogens Influence Prenatal Development

18. Let’s review the effects of teratogens across prenatal development.

19. Diagnosis Ultrasound Amniocentesis Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment

20. Prenatal Diagnosis Chorionic Villus Sampling Amniocentesis

21. Treatment Fetal medicine Fetal surgery Prenatal Diagnosis and Treatment

22. Happy Birthday!

24. Labor is usually divided into three stages Labor and Delivery

25. Three Stages of Labor

26. Prepared childbirth Natural childbirth Childbirth with doula Choice of place of birth Approaches to Childbirth

27. Childbirth classes Content Benefits Approaches to Childbirth

28. Reorganization of old routines Physical and emotional reactions Postpartum depression Adjusting to Parenthood

29. Hypoxia Cephalopelvic disproportion Irregular position Preeclampsia Prolapsed umbilical cord Birth Complications

30. Prematurity Low birth weight Birth Complications

31. Infant mortality is relatively low in the United States compared to other industrialized countries. Let’s look at these rates around the world. True or False?

32. Infant Mortality Rates

33. The Newborn

35. Apgar score (Table 3-5) Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) Assessing the Newborn

36. Newborns’ reflexes prepare them to interact with the world Survival reflexes Protective reflexes Foundational reflexes The Newborn’s Reflexes

37. Four primary states Alert inactivity Waking activity Crying Sleeping Newborn States: Primary

38. Three distinctive types of cries Basic Mad Pain Newborn States: Cries

39. Developmental change in sleep-wake cycle Types of sleep (REM/non-REM) Co-sleeping Newborn States: Sleep

40. Back to Sleep Campaign

41. Perception and Learning in the Newborn