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Menstrual Cycle

Menstrual Cycle. What is it?. Menstruation - is a woman's monthly bleeding. (Menses, Menstrual period, Period) Every month, your body prepares for pregnancy. If no pregnancy occurs, the uterus sheds its lining (Endometrium) Normal menstrual flow:

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Menstrual Cycle

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  1. Menstrual Cycle

  2. What is it? Menstruation - is a woman's monthly bleeding. (Menses, Menstrual period, Period) Every month, your body prepares for pregnancy. If no pregnancy occurs, the uterus sheds its lining (Endometrium) Normal menstrual flow: Occurs every 21 to 35 days, Lasts four to five days , Produces a total blood loss of about 2 to 3 tablespoons (30 to 44 milliliters)

  3. Ovulation Mittelschmerz - is one-sided, lower abdominal pain that occurs in women at or around the time of an egg is released from the ovaries (ovulation). About 20% of women experience mittelschmerz, or pain associated with ovulation. The pain may occur just before, during, or after ovulation

  4. Understanding the Menstrual Cycle The hormones estrogen and progesterone lay the biggest roles in how the uterus changes during each cycle. Estrogen builds up the lining of the uterus. (Endometrium) Progesterone increases after an ovary releases an egg (ovulation) at the middle of the cycle. This helps the estrogen keep the lining thick and ready for a fertilized egg. A drop in progesterone (along with estrogen) causes the lining to break down. This is when your period starts. A change in hormone levels can affect your cycle or fertility. For example, teens tend to have low or changing progesterone levels. This is also true for women close to menopause. That is why teens and women in their 40s may have heavy menstrual bleeding and cycles that change in length. Other things can change your cycle. They include birth control pills, low body fat, losing a lot of weight, or being overweight. Stress or very hard exercise also can change your cycle.

  5. Premenstrual syndrome(PMS) (also called PMT or premenstrual tension) is a collection of physical, psychological, and emotional symptoms related to a woman's. More than 200 different symptoms have been associated with PMS, but the three most prominent symptoms are irritability, tension, and dysphoria (unhappiness).Common emotional and non-specific symptoms include stress, anxiety, insomnia, headache, fatigue, mood swings, increased emotionalsensitivity, and changes in libido. Most formal definitions require the presence of emotional symptoms as the chief complaint; the presence of exclusively physical symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle, such as bloating, abdominal cramps, constipation, swelling or tenderness in the breasts, acne, and joint or muscle pain, is not considered PMS.

  6. Problems Amenorrhea— the lack of a menstrual period. This term is used to describe the absence of a period in: • Young women who haven't started menstruating by age 15 • Women and girls who haven't had a period for 90 days, even if they haven't been menstruating for long Causes can include: • Pregnancy • Breastfeeding • Extreme weight loss • Eating disorders • Excessive exercising • Stress • Serious medical conditions in need of treatment

  7. Problems Dysmenorrhea— painful periods, including severe cramps. The pain is sometimes caused by a disease or condition such as uterine fibroids or endometriosis.

  8. Problems Abnormal uterine bleeding— vaginal bleeding that’s different from normal menstrual periods. • Bleeding between periods • Bleeding after sex • Spotting anytime in the menstrual cycle • Bleeding heavier or for more days than normal • Bleeding after menopause

  9. Problems Endometriosis A condition in which tissue that normally lines the uterus grows in other areas of the body, usually inside the abdominal cavity, but acts as if it were inside the uterus. Blood shed monthly from the misplaced tissue has no place to go, and tissues surrounding the area of endometriosis may become inflamed or swollen. This can produce scar tissue. Symptoms include painful menstrual cramps that can be felt in the abdomen or lower back, or pain during or after sexual activity, irregular bleeding, and infertility.

  10. Problems Uterine fibroids - common, benign (noncancerous) tumors that grow in the muscle of the uterus, or womb. Fibroids often cause no symptoms and need no treatment, and they usually shrink after menopause. But sometimes fibroids cause heavy bleeding or pain, and require treatment.

  11. Problems Menorrhagiarefers to losing about 5 1/2 tablespoons (81 milliliters) or more of blood during your menstrual cycle. • Menstrual flow that soaks through one or more sanitary pads or tampons every hour for several consecutive hours • The need to use double sanitary protection to control your menstrual flow • The need to change sanitary protection during the night • Menstrual periods lasting longer than seven days • Menstrual flow that includes large blood clots • Heavy menstrual flow that interferes with your regular lifestyle • Tiredness, fatigue or shortness of breath (symptoms of anemia)

  12. Problems Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS). TSS is a rare but sometimes deadly disease. TSS is caused by bacteria that can produce toxins. If your body can’t fight the toxins, your immune (body defense) system reacts and causes the Sudden high fever. Symptoms of TSS: (over 102 degrees). • Muscle aches • Diarrhea • Vomiting • Dizziness and/or fainting • Sunburn-like rash • Sore throat • Bloodshot eyes

  13. When should I see a doctor about my period? You have not started menstruating by the age of 15. You have not started menstruating within 3 years after breast growth began, or if breasts haven't started to grow by age 13. Your period suddenly stops for more than 90 days. Your periods become very irregular after having had regular, monthly cycles. Your period occurs more often than every 21 days or less often than every 35 days. You are bleeding for more than 7 days. You are bleeding more heavily than usual or using more than 1 pad or tampon every 1 to 2 hours. You bleed between periods. You have severe pain during your period. You suddenly get a fever and feel sick after using tampons.

  14. The end of your period Menopause is the point in a woman's life when she has not had a menstrual period for 1 year. Menopause marks the end of the childbearing years. It is sometimes called "the change of life." What are the symptoms? • Common symptoms include: • Irregular periods. Some women have light periods. Others have heavy bleeding. Your menstrual cycle may be longer or shorter, or you may skip periods. • Hot flashes. • Trouble sleeping (insomnia). • Emotional changes. Some women have mood swings or feel grouchy, depressed, or worried. • Headaches. • Feeling that your heart is beating too fast or unevenly (palpitations). • Problems with remembering or thinking clearly. • Vaginal dryness. • Some women have only a few mild symptoms. Others have severe symptoms that disrupt their sleep and daily lives.

  15. Just before Menopause Pre-menopause or Perimenopause - is the process of change that leads up to menopause. It can start as early as your late 30s or as late as your early 50s. How long perimenopause lasts varies, but it usually lasts from 2 to 8 years. You may have irregular periods or other symptoms during this time

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