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Scientific Revolution Enlightenment

Scientific Revolution Enlightenment. The Big Picture. The Beginning. Before revolution people relied on the works of Aristotle and The Bible for their beliefs in the natural world During the SR people re-examined those beliefs and began to rely on reason for their info. Heliocentric Theory.

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Scientific Revolution Enlightenment

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  1. Scientific Revolution Enlightenment The Big Picture

  2. The Beginning • Before revolution people relied on the works of Aristotle and The Bible for their beliefs in the natural world • During the SR people re-examined those beliefs and began to rely on reason for their info

  3. Heliocentric Theory • Copernicus challenged the Geocentric theory of the solar system

  4. Johannes Kepler • Student of Copernicus proved mathematically that the sun is the center and planets have elliptical orbit

  5. Galileo • Discovered laws of motion (Think feather and hammer on the moon)

  6. Bacon • Was a proponent of experimental method (empiricism) believed scientist should experiment then draw conclusions

  7. Descartes • Father of analytical geometry relied on mathematics and reason to prove theories • Descartes and Bacon ideas lead to modern scientific method

  8. The Enlightenment • The enlightenment is applying the ideas of the Scientific Method to society • Must use reason to solve societies problems

  9. Locke • People are born with natural rights life, liberty, and property

  10. Hobbes • Absolute monarchy stops people from each others selfishness • Social Contract people hand over certain liberties and gain law and order

  11. Rousseau • Believed in direct democracy only a democracy created by the general will of society was a good government

  12. Montesquieu • Separation of power only power can check power

  13. Exit Quiz • What is the theory that states the universe revolves around the earth? • Who proved mathematically Copernicus’ theory? • Which scientist discovered the Laws of Motion? • What is Montesquieu’s theory on government power? • Name Locke’s “Natural Rights”

  14. The Enlightenment recap • Ideas of the Scientific Revolution are applied to society • New Ideas of equality and how society should be structure • Anti religious because church was part of old class system

  15. Voltaire • Supported freedom of speech and expression • Believed that a monarch that respected the people’s rights was the best form of government

  16. Diderot’s Encyclopedia • Large set of books with articles • Helped spread enlightenment ideas and knowledge in general

  17. Enlightened Monarchs • Some enlightenment thinkers believed the best government was one in which monarchs respected people’s rights • Some monarchs changed some parts of their government but didn’t give up power • Fredrick the Great, Joseph II, Catherine the Great

  18. World History Textbook Assignment • Read pages 202-205 do the Section 3 Assessment #s3-8

  19. Exit Quiz • Name one enlightened Monarch • What did Diderot write? • What did Voltaire support?

  20. Before The Agricultural Revolution (AG) • Before the AR there was an open field system • Open field was not fenced off people farmed according to village custom generation after generation farmed same tract • Common lands were used for grazing • Peasants could hand land over to children

  21. Before (AG) • Soil exhaustion was a problem • Overtime soil loses nitrogen and other nutrients and can’t grow the same amount of food • Farmers would allow a portion of the land to remain fallow or unused so it would gain its nutrients

  22. After (AG) • Farmers used crop rotation with crops that would put nitrogen back in the soil most important of these crops were peas and beans • Farmers could feed nitrogen producing crops to animals then animals would produce manure that could further fertilize crops • Crops would yield more food and people had more meat than ever before

  23. Scientific Farming • JethroTull was skeptical of old farming practices and used empirical methods (Bacon) to develop new farming techniques • Pioneered techniques in animal husbandry plowing and seeding • Seed drill would drill specific holes for seeds instead of just scattering them

  24. Enclosure Movement • Movement to enclose the open fields • Many farmers opposed enclosure and it was difficult to get whole villages to agree to new scientific methods of farming • Proponents believed that enclosure would allow more experimentation, bring more land into production, and allow for more effective farming

  25. Enclosure Movement • By the late 1700s most of the land in England was enclosed • A few wealthy businessman owned most of the land and farmed it intensively • Used the newest scientific methods to produce a profit • Because of enclosure there are large numbers of Proletariat (wage earners) in England

  26. Enclosure Movement • Wage laborers work long hours and have little independence which further boosted yields

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