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Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment

Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment. Global 2 Ms. Lyons . Timeline. 1517: Martin Luther posts 95 Theses Late 1500’s: Scientific Revolution begins 1700’s: Enlightenment . Scientific Revolution: Think for Ourselves!. No longer listened to what the Church told them to believe

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Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment

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  1. Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment Global 2 Ms. Lyons

  2. Timeline • 1517: Martin Luther posts 95 Theses • Late 1500’s: Scientific Revolution begins • 1700’s: Enlightenment

  3. Scientific Revolution: Think for Ourselves! • No longer listened to what the Church told them to believe • Asked questions • Wanted proof of all facts

  4. Important Scientists • Nicolaus Copernicus • Sun is in the center of the universe (NOT the Earth) • Heliocentric model • Galileo Galilei • Used the telescope to prove the heliocentric theory was true • Church made him recant (take back) his statements • Issac Newton • Used math to prove gravity existed

  5. Scientific Method • New way of thinking • Relies on experimentation & observation to explain theories

  6. Enlightenment • By the 1700’s, people were questioning more than science… • They challenged traditional ways of government • Supported use of human reason

  7. Enlightenment Philosophers • Descartes • Hobbes • Locke • Montesquieu • Voltaire • Rousseau • Wollstonecraft

  8. Rene Descartes • French man • Wrote of the power of human reason

  9. Thomas Hobbes • Wrote the book, The Leviathan • Man is naturally: greedy, selfish, & cruel • Society would be crazy without a government to control everyone • Social Contract: people give up freedoms for safety • Revolutions are bad. Absolute monarchs are good.

  10. John Locke • Wrote the book, Two Treatises of Government • All people have natural rights (life, liberty, property) • Government’s job to protect those rights • If not, people have a right to start a revolution

  11. Baron de Montesquieu • French man who wrote The Spirit of Laws • Government should divide itself into separate branches • Legislative, Executive, Judicial • Checks & Balances: prevents one branch from becoming too strong

  12. Voltaire • French philosopher • Said: "I do not agree with a word that you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.” • Believed freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government

  13. Jean-Jacques Rousseau • Wrote The Social Contract • Claimed people were naturally good • Cause of problems: society’s unequal distribution of wealth • General will (majority rules) should run the government

  14. Mary Wollstonecraft • Female British philosopher • Wrote Vindications of the Rights of Women • Promoted education for women • Rousseau argued with her • Women should stay in the house

  15. Effects of the Enlightenment • Government censorship of new ideas • Voltaire thrown in prison, books burned • Enlightened Despots (Monarchs who weren’t all evil) • Catherine the Great (Russia) – gave people a voice, built schools, education for women, religious tolerance • Revolution & Democracy • Great Britain, United States, France, Latin America • Declaration of Independence…

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