Presentation Transcript

1. The Circulatory System

   Chapter 15
2. The Circulatory System Course taken by blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins & back to heart Uses blood to transport dissolved materials throughout body Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste Picks up waste products of cell metabolism & takes to lungs and kidneys (to be expelled from body)
3. Circulatory System Rap http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqhvmUEdOYY
4. The Heart Two major circulations Each has its own pump Both pumps are incorporated into the heart Location Middle of chest, behind sternum, within ribcage Pericardial cavity Above diaphragm Structure Primarily a shell with four chambers inside
5. Blood Flow Two sides of heart are anatomically and functionally separate pumping units Right side pumps blood through pulmonary circulation Left side pumps blood through systemic circulation
6. Heart Facts Adult human heart approx. size of closed fist About 5 inches long and 3 ½ inches wide Weighs just less than 1 pound Beats about 100,000 times each day Pump about 8,000 gallons of blood through 12,000 miles of vessels each day Contracts and relaxes 70-80 bpm
7. Heart Muscle Pericardium Sac around the heart Epicardium Outer Surface Myocardium Heart Muscle Endocardium Inner Lining
8. Structure of Heart Four cavities Atria Form curved top of heart Ventricles Meet at bottom of heart to form pointed base Points toward left side of chest
9. Structure of Heart Left Side One ventricle One atrium Mitral valve—connects left atrium to left ventricle Right Side One ventricle One atrium Tricuspid valve—connects right atrium to right ventricle Wall, septum, separates right and left sides
10. Aorta heart’s main artery carries blood away from heart to body’s cells Pulmonary artery artery that connects heart to lungs Pulmonary Vein Vein that connects lungs to heart Two largest veins: Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava
11. As heart contracts, it pushes blood though chambers and into the vessels Nerves connected to the heart regulate the speed of contractions Greater the activity, faster the heart will pump; faster heart pumps, more oxygen and nutrient are carried throughout body
12. Blood Functions Transportation Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones Regulation Regulates fluid-electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and body temperature Protection WBC protect us against pathogens Blood clotting mechanism prevents excessive loss of blood
13. Blood Characteristics Each person has 4 to 6 liters of blood depending on person’s size Blood is 3 to 5 times thicker than water Viscosity is increased by presence of blood cells and plasma proteins Thickness contributes to normal blood pressure
14. Blood Only tissue that flows throughout body Carries oxygen & nutrients to all parts of body and transports waste products back to lungs, kidneys, and liver for disposal Essential part of immune system Crucial for fluid and temperature balance Hydraulic fluid for certain functions Highway for hormonal messages Composed of plasma and billions of cells
15. Plasma The yellowish, liquid part of blood River in which blood cells travel Makes up 55% of total volume Carries blood cells + Nutrients (sugars, amino acids, fats, salts, minerals) Waste products (CO2, lactic acid, urea) Antibodies Clotting proteins (called clotting factors) Chemical messengers (hormones) Proteins that help maintain body’s fluid balance
16. Blood—RBCs & Hemoglobin Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) Highly specialized cells that have been “stripped” of everything, including nucleus Most numerous type of blood cell Typically last for 120 days Major job: transporting oxygen Percentage of RBCs in total blood volume called hematocrit
17. Hemoglobin RBC contain a protein called hemoglobin Hemoglobin gives the RBC the ability to carry oxygen Each RBC contains approximately 300 million hemoglobin molecules Each bonds to 4 oxygen molecules
18. Hemoglobin picks up oxygen where it is abundant creating an oxyhemoglobin In systemic capillaries oxyhemoglobin gives up as much of its oxygen and is reduced to a hemoglobin Iron is what bonds to the oxygen and makes the RBCs red
19. Blood—White Blood Cells 5 distinct kinds Neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils Able to change according to need and situation in body Can leave blood stream , sliding out through vessel walls & attacking invaders at site of infections
20. Blood—Platelets Fragments of a very large cell found in the bone marrow Platelets leave bone marrow & circulate throughout the body When stimulated by substance from damaged tissue, platelets release substance to help clot blood Have the ability to stick together and function in the first states of blood clotting Can last 5 to 9 days Normal platelet count is 150,000 to 300,000 microliters
21. Blood Vessels Hollow tubes running throughout the body 5 types Arteries Arterioles Veins Venules Capillaries Provide 2 measurements: Pulse Blood pressure
22. Arteries Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to organs & cells Muscular walls that allow them to dilate or constrict Arterioles: very small arteries Largest artery=aorta Runs from chest into abdomen Receives blood directly from left ventricle
23. Veins Blood vessels that carry blood back to heart Thinner wall Contain numerous one-way valves (keep blood moving toward heart) Deep veins in LE surrounded by large muscle groups; compress the deep veins when muscles contract Contractions in extremities helps propel blood toward heart; increase venous return
24. Veins Largest vein=superior & inferior vena cava Bring blood from upper and lower body into right atrium Venules: smallest veins
25. Capillaries Tiny, microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries to veins Responsible for transferring oxygen and nutrients to cells Wall so thin that O2 passes from arterial blood through them into cells in organs/tissues Waste products (CO2) pass into capillaries to be carried back by veins to heart/lungs
26. Coronary Arteries and Veins Heart has its own system of blood vessels due to its demand of oxygen rich blood Located around the heart to provide blood and oxygen to all the different parts and remove wastes
27. Heart’s Conduction System Heart’s electrical system Consisting of specialized cells within heart muscle that carry an electrical signal Regulates pumping of heart

28. Cardiorespiratory systemand bleeding

29. Cardiorespiratory System Includes the functions of: Heart Blood vessels Circulation Gas exchange between blood and the atmosphere Within in the lungs, blood is enriched with oxygen and carbon dioxide is released Respiration Each side of the heart has its own type of circulation
30. Pulmonary circulation Right side pumps blood to lungs and back to heart’s left side Oxygen poor blood enters the Right Atrium through the Superior Vena Cava and the Inferior Vena Cava Blood then flows through the Tricuspid Valve and enters the Right Ventricle
31. Blood leaves the Right Ventricle through the Pulmonary Artery after going through the Pulmonary Semilunar valve and goes to the lungs Blood returns to the heart through the Pulmonary Vein after being oxygenated
32. Systemic circulation Left side pumps blood to rest of the body and back to heart’s right side Oxygen rich blood enters the Left Atrium through the Pulmonary Veins Blood enters the Left Ventricle through the Mitral Valve Blood travels through the Aortic Semilunar Valve and enters the Aorta After traveling through the Aorta the blood is dispersed through the various arteries to the rest of the body Deoxygenated blood then returns to the heart through the Superior Vena Cava and the Inferior Vena Cava
33. Types of Bleeding All need prompt attention to prevent shock, infection, and possible loss of life Arterial Severe bleeding Bright red blood that spurts or pulses Corresponds to the heart beat Can lose a large amount in a short period of time Most serious type and can be fatal Apply pressure and activate EMS immediately
34. Venous Steady blood flow Blood will appear bluish-red due to lower oxygen levels Veins are closer to surface to easier to control Direct pressure and compression best way to control bleeding
35. Capillary Slow and oozes Blood clotting occurs rapidly Slow bleeding carries a risk of infection Bandage with sterile dressing
36. Flow of Blood through Heart Superior/inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Semi-lunar valve Pulmonary artery Lungs http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.html
37. Flow of Blood through Heart Back to heart via pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Semi-lunar valve Aorta Organs in the body
38. Flow of Blood through Heart
39. Heart Anatomy
40. Can you label the heart?