1 / 16

Does It Really Matter?

Does It Really Matter?. A Revision PPT by Mr Fedley. Particle Theory. All things are made up of objects which are too small to see. These small objects are called particles. All particles move. The hotter the particle, the more it vibrates or moves. States of Matter.

jarvis
Télécharger la présentation

Does It Really Matter?

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Does It Really Matter? A Revision PPT by MrFedley

  2. Particle Theory • All things are made up of objects which are too small to see. • These small objects are called particles. • All particles move. The hotter the particle, the more it vibrates or moves.

  3. States of Matter • Almost all particles can be found in the following 3 states of matter: • Solid • Liquid • Gas • We will be looking at how these states form.

  4. Solids • Particles which are solid have the particles close to one another. The particles can vibrate, but not move freely. • Solids normally (apart from ice) take up the least amount of space for the same amount of mass. • Solids have a fixed shape • Examples of solids include: ice, steel, wood etc.

  5. Liquids • Particles which are liquid have the particles close together but they can move freely. • Liquids do not have a fixed shape, but have a fixed volume. • Some examples of liquids include water, oil and molten steel

  6. Gas • Particles which are gas are far away from one another and normally move around quickly. • They take up a large amount of space compared to solids and liquids. • They do not have a fixed shape. • Some examples of gas include Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Argon and Nitrogen.

  7. Solids, Liquids and Gases • If a particle is heated, then it becomes more excited and moves around more. • When a particle moves around more, their bonding (how they are held together) can become broken and they change state (eg Liquid to gas) • The opposite happens if a particle is cooled. That is, the particles are less excited and move less. They can form new bonds and they change state (eg gas to liquid)

  8. Change of States

  9. Melting & Evaporation • When a solid is heated, the particles have more energy and vibrate more. The bonds between some of the particles break and the substance turns into a liquid. The solid has melted into a liquid. • An example is ice melting to water. • When a liquid is heated, the extra energy causes more bonds to break. The liquid evaporates into a gas. • An example is water evaporating into steam

  10. Condensation & Freezing/Solidification • When gas particles cool down, the particles can bond again. The gas particles condense into a liquid. • An example includes water vapor condensing into water. • When liquid particles cool down, more particles bond together. The liquid particles freeze or solidify into a solid. • Examples include liquid gold solidifying into a gold bar.

  11. Sublimation • For some objects (like Carbon Dioxide), the particles move directly from a solid to a gas – or visa versa. • It can also occur if there is a lot of pressure, or a high or low temperature on some occasions.

  12. Melting Point & Boiling Point • The temperature at which a substance melts (solid to liquid) is called the melting point (or MP). • Ice melts at 0 C. • The temperature of which a substance boils (liquid to gas) is called the boiling point (BP). • Water boils at 100 C.

  13. Heating & Cooling • When an object is heated, the particles vibrate more. The object normally takes up more space as a result. • An example is a metal door which makes a creaking sound on a hot day as the metal has expanded. • When an object is cooled, the particles vibrate less. They normally take up less space. • An example is air particles getting smaller when you cool them

  14. Gas Particles • When gas particles are heated – they take up more space. Think of the balloon with the hot water! • When gas particles are cooled – they take up less space. Think of the balloon with the ice water!!

  15. Quickest Temperature Change • When you are heating particles, they heat quickest when they are not changing state. • For example, with water it will heat quickest when it is not near 0 C or 100 C as a lot of energy is required to break the bonds. • When particles change states, the temperature change slows/

  16. Diffusion • Diffusion occurs when particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration over a larger area. • Think of farts! Near the person – they are strong and smelly. As they travel away from the person – the particles move away from each other and the smell is weaker.

More Related