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KINGDOM FUNGI

KINGDOM FUNGI. Ch. 22. Kingdom Characteristics. Eukaryotes Heterotrophs that absorb nutrition Cell wall made of chitin Mostly multicellular, few unicellular. Background:. Decomposers (saprobes) - absorb nutrients from nonliving organisms

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KINGDOM FUNGI

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  1. KINGDOM FUNGI Ch. 22

  2. Kingdom Characteristics • Eukaryotes • Heterotrophs that absorb nutrition • Cell wall made of chitin • Mostly multicellular, few unicellular

  3. Background: • Decomposers (saprobes) - absorb nutrients from nonliving organisms • Parasites - absorb nutrients from the cells of living hosts. • Mutualistic fungi - absorb nutrients from a host organism, but they reciprocate with functions that benefit their partner in some way.

  4. The vegetative bodies of most fungi are constructed of tiny filaments called hyphae that form an interwoven mat called a mycelium.

  5. Fungal Reproduction • Release of spores (that are produced either sexually or asexually) from tips of hyphae. • One fungus can produce a trillion spores. • Spores are dispersed by wind or water • If spores land in a moist place where there is food, they will germinate, forming a new mycelium.

  6. Fungal Diversity • 100,000+ known species of fungi • Four phlya

  7. Fungal Diversity

  8. Chytrids Figure 31.5 Chytridiomycota (chytrids) flagella

  9. Figure 31.6 The common mold Rhizopus decomposing strawberries Zygomycota- Rhizopus

  10. Sac fungi - Ascomycota

  11. Yeast • rapidly growing, asexually reproducing • unicellular fungi that inhabit liquid or moist habitats, including plant sap and animal tissues. • raise bread or ferment alcoholic beverages

  12. Club fungi - Basidiomycota

  13. Figure 31.11x1 Coprinus comatus, Shaggy Mane Shaggy Mane

  14. Geastrum triplex

  15. Witch’s Butter

  16. Amanita

  17. A fairy ring

  18. Fungi have a powerful impact on ecosystems and human welfare… • Decomposers • Symbiotic relationships • Pathogens • Commercially important- practical Uses

  19. Decomposers

  20. Lichen • green algae or cyanobacteria held in a mesh of fungal hyphae.

  21. In most cases of mutualism, each partner provides things the other could not obtain on its own. • The alga provides the fungus with food • The cyanobacteria provide organic nitrogen through nitrogen fixation. • The fungus provides a suitable physical environment for growth, retaining water and minerals, allowing for gas exchange, protecting the algae from intense sunlight with pigments, and deterring consumers with toxic compounds.

  22. Mychorrizae • Mutualistic associations of plant roots and fungi. • The fungus provides minerals from the soil for the plant, and the plant provides organic nutrients.

  23. Fungal disease in plants

  24. Fungal disease in plants (cont.)

  25. Fungal disease in animals

  26. Fungal disease in animals (cont.)

  27. Commercially important- practical uses • Most people have eaten mushrooms • Truffles, are prized by gourmet chefs for their complex flavors. • The distinctive flavors of certain cheeses • Produce citric acid for colas • Yeasts are used in baking, brewing, and winemaking. • Antibiotics used to treat bacterial diseases

  28. Penicillium Bacteria Penicillium

  29. SO….does this mean fungi are good for us or bad for us? BOTH!!

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